Introduction to the World Wide Web 🖥️

The web world stands at the center of our lives as one of the fundamental building blocks of the internet. In this article, we will review the concepts frequently encountered while navigating the internet and the underlying fundamental principles.

✨ Topics in this article:

1) Browsers and their Mechanism

2) What are HTTP and HTTPS?

3) What is Hosting?

4) What is a Domain Name?

5) DNS and Its How It Works

• What is a Nameserver?
• How to Access DNS Information
• What is Whois?

🚀 Browsers and their Mechanism

Web browsers are software applications that enable users to navigate, view web pages, and interact on the internet. Browsers retrieve relevant web pages by sending requests to servers using the URLs entered by users and present them in a format understandable to users.

🌐 What are HTTP and HTTPS?

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a communication protocol used for information exchange on the web. It operates based on a client-server model, facilitating data transfer between web browsers and servers. Notably, the sending and displaying of web pages on the client side occur through the HTTP protocol.

HTTPS encrypts inter-site communication, ensuring the security of user data. SSL/TLS certificates play a crucial role in providing this encryption. While HTTP handles connecting to any site by receiving and transmitting your request to the server, HTTPS performs the same function. However, with HTTPS, security measures are more robust, preventing others from reading your information.

🖥️ What is Hosting?

Hosting is a service that enables web pages to be accessible on the internet. The files, databases, and content of a website are hosted on a server, allowing users to access them through this server.

🔍 What is a Domain Name?

A domain name defines the address of an internet site, allowing people to access that site. For example, “medium.com” is a domain name. These names are associated with IP addresses and are used to determine servers on the internet. DNS translates these domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access the internet with understandable domain names.

🔗 DNS and How It Works

DNS (Domain Name System) is a system that translates internet domain names into IP addresses. When devices connected to the internet want to access a website, DNS converts the domain name into the corresponding IP address. This enables users to access the internet with understandable domain names, as users cannot remember the IP addresses of each site they visit. After entering site addresses into the browser, the server uses the IP address to establish a connection.

• What is a Nameserver ?

A nameserver is a structure used to associate a domain with a DNS server. When you purchase a domain, a hosting provider or DNS service provider typically provides you with nameserver information. By entering this information into the domain management panel, you can associate your domain with a specific DNS server. This ensures that users visiting your domain are directed to the correct server.

• How to Access DNS Information ?

There are several methods to access a site’s DNS information. Firstly, you can check your DNS settings by logging into the domain service provider’s management panel. Additionally, some online DNS tools or whois websites display a site’s DNS information. By using these tools, you can view a site’s DNS records, nameserver information, and other DNS settings.

• What is Whois ?

Whois information is a registration system containing details such as the owner of a domain, registration date, last update date, and other relevant information. To access Whois information, there are several Whois websites available. For example, by using sites like “whois.icann.org,” you can view the whois information for a domain. This information allows you to learn more about the owner of a domain.

Name: GOOGLE.COM
Registry Domain ID: 2138514_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Domain Status: clientDeleteProhibited
               clientTransferProhibited
               clientUpdateProhibited
               serverDeleteProhibited
               serverTransferProhibited
               serverUpdateProhibited
Nameservers: NS1.GOOGLE.COM
             NS2.GOOGLE.COM
             NS3.GOOGLE.COM
             NS4.GOOGLE.COM
Dates
Registry Expiration: 2028-09-14 04:00:00 UTC
Updated: 2019-09-09 15:39:04 UTC
Created: 1997-09-15 04:00:00 UTC

Domain Status:

• clientDeleteProhibited
• clientTransferProhibited
• clientUpdateProhibited
• serverDeleteProhibited
• serverTransferProhibited
• serverUpdateProhibited

These conditions indicate that the domain is protected against various operations (deletion, transfer, update).

Nameservers:

• NS1.GOOGLE.COM
• NS2.GOOGLE.COM
• NS3.GOOGLE.COM
• NS4.GOOGLE.COM

This information shows which nameservers “google.com” domain is connected to.

Dates:

• Registry Expiration: 2028–09–14 04:00:00
• UTC Updated: 2019–09–09 15:39:04
• UTC Created: 1997–09–15 04:00:00 UTC

This date information indicates the domain’s expiration date, update date, and creation date.

You can learn the details by entering the desired domain in this way.

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