Project Setup Using Hardhat & Truffle — part 4

Photo by Arnold Francisca on Unsplash

Now that we have a smart contract, let’s deploy it to the blockchain

Deployment on Truffle

• In the terminal make sure we are in the truffle-example directory

cd truffle-example

Before we can deploy our contract, we first have to add a new file under the migrations directory

Create a new file under the migrations directory and prefix the name of the file with “ 2_” and name it 2_NumberChanger.js

• Inside 2_NumberChanger.js we will write the following script

const NumberChanger = artifacts.require(“NumberChanger”);
module.exports = function (deployer){ deployer.deploy(NumberChanger);
}

We defined a variable called NumberChanger, but this can be any name you wish. Inside the variable, we call the artifacts.require method and pass in the name of our contract to interact with(not the name of the file), which in this case is also called ”NumberChanger”

Afterwards, we export the function that would deploy the contract

To learn more about how migrations work, go here Truffle Migration

Now that we are setup, lets deploy our contract, run the following in the terminal

truffle compile

And you should get the following results

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
✔ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
> Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/NumberChanger.sol
> Artifacts written to /Users/Desktop/Examples/truffle-example/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
- solc: 0.8.10+commit.fc410830.Emscripten.clang

Once compiled, there should be a folder created called build

This is where your contracts ABI is so that the front end can interact with it and the byte code is create for the EVM

Now that we have compiled our contracts, we can deploy it. For this example, we will deploy it to the localnet, Ganache.

First in the terminal, run the following command

ganache-cli

You should now see the following:

Ganache CLI v6.12.2 (ganache-core: 2.13.2)
Available Accounts
==================
(0) 0x735d731D1B90eBFD8B35E550e7430282c98133eC (100 ETH)
(1) 0x59dc305ac3564D0aF51b770311F182890023ed73 (100 ETH)
(2) 0xb8a3fAC0eeD31dFF5E5A641a3278DC34afbFb35C (100 ETH)
(3) 0xC703D178A5F529186F035bf83E7EC4155951e537 (100 ETH)
(4) 0x8951B99e2fA2e5E721552d2091Ac922A140581A7 (100 ETH)
(5) 0x32919628CFCE86CcA027C09FabAe15643Ef6DEd2 (100 ETH)
(6) 0x3ae65932Ee15a270B8876845b5Cf6D23A4ee801E (100 ETH)
(7) 0xC429c4836504aF3Aa4b687163c9be108Fa3d35E4 (100 ETH)
(8) 0x7a9026b25Ceb30A0934384b354a53690c889FCfd (100 ETH)
(9) 0xd8F267534a42B91B8469127695c200E571a8c2F4 (100 ETH)
Private Keys
==================
(0) 0x7ab485a29412a9d4f466778d2d1de37c19fc1c10217e5bc10153af185541c445
(1) 0xc9fc3d2e11d0701dc52820187ad830f0f0b7cfc77365a8e1b8df7f38a3df2d90
(2) 0x09a2d80b06649bafe479d7f6610e41df6b5e77420aaa0d45cef9bb09016def90
(3) 0x54e49af326e58a98b831acf00ce8799f2cd23f470b382c5b184397b23450f18d
(4) 0x952d1e27ef8289a5988c89ea9096c694e2f376356972d73388fe3a48fd201b56
(5) 0x96ff3b0f11c396e4eb696b325fff8aeca0899bae5285c15a2096e503583edf68
(6) 0xd9b0ef3b02245d05588295836040df476c0298d1f33291e55556a874cabbccf3
(7) 0x4b2899ed136d6bff17f352a2aa6c2eb162ba183861dfb28487540c473b91f992
(8) 0x75fa379cd3b1e925849587af471e7000fe36d63496720147c8ceb13ca70d2872
(9) 0x907a9ee73f5fa3d3a79565106236f57687dc710c6e7a3bed97256ea494bb0b32
HD Wallet
==================
Mnemonic:      just always youth crew song dust frost virtual program amused scene cash
Base HD Path:  m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index}
Gas Price
==================
20000000000
Gas Limit
==================
6721975
Call Gas Limit
==================
9007199254740991

Now that we have our local blockchain running, we can now deploy our contract

Running the following code in the terminal and you should get the following result

truffle migrate

truffle migrate is similar to truffle deploy You can find out more information on this topic here Truffle Migration

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
✔ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
> Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/NumberChanger.sol
> Artifacts written to /Users/Desktop/Examples/truffle-example/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
- solc: 0.8.10+commit.fc410830.Emscripten.clang
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name:    'development'
> Network id:      1639592180037
> Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)
1_initial_migration.js
======================
Deploying 'Migrations'
----------------------
> transaction hash:    0x41f9ad193605295c1424325c13c6f36e41ddfebd9836605542e8ff47af33e929
> Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
> contract address:    0x01Dd5F52EC31A26C51D4EB42f0A448d863F342e0
> block number:        21
> block timestamp:     1639598127
> account:             0x735d731D1B90eBFD8B35E550e7430282c98133eC
> balance:             99.95056962
> gas used:            248854 (0x3cc16)
> gas price:           20 gwei
> value sent:          0 ETH
> total cost:          0.00497708 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost:          0.00497708 ETH
2_NumberChanger.js
==================
Deploying 'NumberChanger'
-------------------------
> transaction hash:    0x8aa0925fd1df6669566f89c4751e44b8fb905ca07618392e216f3223609dda9e
> Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
> contract address:    0x2CdfF21817CEe737eBeB8fAd13af0f0964A1D907
> block number:        23
> block timestamp:     1639598127
> account:             0x735d731D1B90eBFD8B35E550e7430282c98133eC
> balance:             99.9472063
> gas used:            125653 (0x1ead5)
> gas price:           20 gwei
> value sent:          0 ETH
> total cost:          0.00251306 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost:          0.00251306 ETH
Summary
=======
> Total deployments:   2
> Final cost:          0.00749014 ETH

You can see that truffle migrate compiles the contract and the deploys it. You can just use truffle migrate to compile and deploy your contract with one command

The contract is now deployed, can you can see the contact addresses

One last thing is to move the build folder. By default, it will be created in the root directory, but since we will be interacting with in from the front end with React, it should be located in the src folder.

In the truffle-config.js file, add the following code before module.exports

const path = require("path")

place the following code under the module.exports

contracts_build_directory: path.join(__dirname, "src/build"),

The result should look like the following:

const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
contracts_build_directory: path.join(__dirname, "src/build"),
networks: {
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1",
port: 8545,
network_id: "*",
},
},
compilers: {
solc: {
version: "pragma",
},
},
};

Now when we redeploy our contract, the build folder should be created inside the src folder

Deployment on Hardhat

In the terminal make sure we are in the hardhat-example directory

cd hardhat-example

Before we can deploy our contract, we first have to add some code for hardhat to deploy our contract

Go to the scripts folder and rename the file sample-script.js to deploy.js

Next, under the line: console.log(“Greeter deployed to:”, greeter.address);, type the following code:

const NumberChanger = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("NumberChanger");
const numberChanger = await NumberChanger.deploy();
await numberChanger.deployed();
console.log("Number deployed to:", numberChanger.address);

What this code does is create a new variable that will take the NumberChanger contract and deploy it. Once the contract is deployed, it will log out in the terminal the address of the deployed NumberChanger contract.

In Hardhat, you can put all the contracts to be compiled and deployed in the same file, which is located in the scripts folder.

The code should look like the following with the default Greeter contract provided by Hardhat.

const hre = require("hardhat");
async function main() {
const Greeter = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("Greeter");
const greeter = await Greeter.deploy("Hello, Hardhat!");
await greeter.deployed();
console.log("Greeter deployed to:", greeter.address);
const NumberChanger = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("NumberChanger");
const numberChanger = await NumberChanger.deploy();
await numberChanger.deployed();
console.log("Number deployed to:", numberChanger.address);
}
main()
.then(() => process.exit(0))
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
process.exit(1);
});

Run the following in the terminal

npx hardhat compile

and should get the following output:

Compiling 3 files with 0.8.0
Compilation finished successfully

Once compiled, there should be a folder created called artifacts

This is where your contracts ABI is so that the front end can interact with it and the byte code is create for the EVM

Now that we have compiled our contracts, we can deploy it. For this example, we will deploy it to the localnet provided by Hardhat

To specify the network to deploy to, use the following command in the terminal npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js — network <network name>

Run the following command in the terminal:

npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js

You should now see the following output:

Deploying a Greeter with greeting: Hello, Hardhat!
Greeter deployed to: 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
Number deployed to: 0xe7f1725E7734CE288F8367e1Bb143E90bb3F0512

Now we are given the address to our contracts.

One last thing is to move the artifacts folder. By default, it will be created in the root directory, but since we will be interacting with in from the front end with React, it should be located in the src folder.

In the hardhat-config.js file, place the following code under the where the version of the solidity compiler version is declared.

paths: {
artifacts: './src/artifacts',
},

The code should look like the following:

module.exports = {
networks: {
hardhat: {
chainId: 1337
},
},
solidity: "0.8.0",
paths: {
artifacts: './src/artifacts',
},
};

Now that we set the path, delete the artifacts folder in the root directory and redeploy it with npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js and it should show up in the src folder.

Finally we will run a local blockchain with the following command that Hardhat provides

npx harhat node

This creates a list of 20 accounts with their private keys and is pre-funded with test Ether.

Started HTTP and WebSocket JSON-RPC server at http://127.0.0.1:8545/
Accounts
========
Account #0: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80
Account #1: 0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x59c6995e998f97a5a0044966f0945389dc9e86dae88c7a8412f4603b6b78690d
Account #2: 0x3c44cdddb6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12fa4293bc (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x5de4111afa1a4b94908f83103eb1f1706367c2e68ca870fc3fb9a804cdab365a
Account #3: 0x90f79bf6eb2c4f870365e785982e1f101e93b906 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x7c852118294e51e653712a81e05800f419141751be58f605c371e15141b007a6
Account #4: 0x15d34aaf54267db7d7c367839aaf71a00a2c6a65 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x47e179ec197488593b187f80a00eb0da91f1b9d0b13f8733639f19c30a34926a
Account #5: 0x9965507d1a55bcc2695c58ba16fb37d819b0a4dc (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x8b3a350cf5c34c9194ca85829a2df0ec3153be0318b5e2d3348e872092edffba
Account #6: 0x976ea74026e726554db657fa54763abd0c3a0aa9 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x92db14e403b83dfe3df233f83dfa3a0d7096f21ca9b0d6d6b8d88b2b4ec1564e
Account #7: 0x14dc79964da2c08b23698b3d3cc7ca32193d9955 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x4bbbf85ce3377467afe5d46f804f221813b2bb87f24d81f60f1fcdbf7cbf4356
Account #8: 0x23618e81e3f5cdf7f54c3d65f7fbc0abf5b21e8f (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xdbda1821b80551c9d65939329250298aa3472ba22feea921c0cf5d620ea67b97
Account #9: 0xa0ee7a142d267c1f36714e4a8f75612f20a79720 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x2a871d0798f97d79848a013d4936a73bf4cc922c825d33c1cf7073dff6d409c6
Account #10: 0xbcd4042de499d14e55001ccbb24a551f3b954096 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xf214f2b2cd398c806f84e317254e0f0b801d0643303237d97a22a48e01628897
Account #11: 0x71be63f3384f5fb98995898a86b02fb2426c5788 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x701b615bbdfb9de65240bc28bd21bbc0d996645a3dd57e7b12bc2bdf6f192c82
Account #12: 0xfabb0ac9d68b0b445fb7357272ff202c5651694a (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xa267530f49f8280200edf313ee7af6b827f2a8bce2897751d06a843f644967b1
Account #13: 0x1cbd3b2770909d4e10f157cabc84c7264073c9ec (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x47c99abed3324a2707c28affff1267e45918ec8c3f20b8aa892e8b065d2942dd
Account #14: 0xdf3e18d64bc6a983f673ab319ccae4f1a57c7097 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xc526ee95bf44d8fc405a158bb884d9d1238d99f0612e9f33d006bb0789009aaa
Account #15: 0xcd3b766ccdd6ae721141f452c550ca635964ce71 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x8166f546bab6da521a8369cab06c5d2b9e46670292d85c875ee9ec20e84ffb61
Account #16: 0x2546bcd3c84621e976d8185a91a922ae77ecec30 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xea6c44ac03bff858b476bba40716402b03e41b8e97e276d1baec7c37d42484a0
Account #17: 0xbda5747bfd65f08deb54cb465eb87d40e51b197e (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x689af8efa8c651a91ad287602527f3af2fe9f6501a7ac4b061667b5a93e037fd
Account #18: 0xdd2fd4581271e230360230f9337d5c0430bf44c0 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xde9be858da4a475276426320d5e9262ecfc3ba460bfac56360bfa6c4c28b4ee0
Account #19: 0x8626f6940e2eb28930efb4cef49b2d1f2c9c1199 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xdf57089febbacf7ba0bc227dafbffa9fc08a93fdc68e1e42411a14efcf23656e

In part 5, we will build a simple front end in react and interact with our contract.

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