COR URBIS: REVIVING TUNJUNGAN AS THE HEART OF SURABAYA
Akhmad Faza Amaanullah | 08111940000044
The Tunjungan area represents the heart of Surabaya from time to time. Nestled between the busy port to the north and settlements to the south, Tunjungan is a transitional space of the city. Like other city centres in general, Tunjungan evolves. Initially, this area is a green land full of trees and greeneries. However, Tunjungan began to transition into a densely populated settlement in today’s era. The majority of land in Tunjungan is pavement, with only a small amount of green space present. The question that emerged is that is it still appropriate for Tunjungan to be called the ‘heart’ of Surabaya.
Like Darwin’s theory of evolution, architecture also evolves. According to Sullivan, architecture is essentially the expression of organic essence, in other words, the outer experience of architecture resembles its inner purpose. The inner purpose of Tunjungan evolves. This is what makes its outer experience change organically until now. What used to be the heart of a city (green land), now resembles coronary heart disease (dense settlement). So what will Tunjungan be like in the future? How do we treat Tunjungan so that it returns to being the ‘heart’ that pumps blood for the city of Surabaya?
The metaphor of the human heart is then used as a design concept. The heart in humans functions as a blood pump throughout the body and lungs. The heart also has many blood vessels that transfuse oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to other organs. This principle was then translated into an architectural concept by designing ‘veins’ for Tunjungan. The form refers to the organic shape of blood vessels which are cylindrical and fully connected throughout the body. Its placement in the Tunjungan area is in corridors and empty spaces between densely populated settlements. That way, all corners of the settlement can feel Tunjungan as a ‘heart’ that is rich in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide. It is achieved with the moss that has deliberately grown all over the surface of the designed structure.
The design also tries to maintain the volumetric atmosphere that previously existed. The structure was not intended to fully protect the area from scorching heat and rain so that it could remain as a place to dry clothes, a playing area for the child, and mobility for residents. The same goes for the communal area which remains a place for residents to gather and socialize.
Though it starts from a small area in Tunjungan, it is speculated that all the gaps in densely populated settlements can be filled with green scenery through these ‘veins’ to restore Tunjungan as the ‘heart’ of Surabaya.
KEMUNING CULTURE HUB : Instagramble Movement for Stimulated the Event
Enfi Auliyatul Fauziah | 08111940000025
According to the theory of Form and Function, Bernard Tschumi (1983) there is a sentence that explains the following:
“There is no architecture without action, no architecture without events, no architecture without programs. By extension, there is no architecture without violence.”
“The same occurs in architecture: the event is altered by each new space… Architecture ceases to be a backdrop for actions, becoming the action itself”.
If there would be no architecture without an action, event, and program, then I think nowadays with the existence of the architecture itself can stimulate the emergence of an action, event, and program. Form and function are 2 different things and stand on their own, but they will confront/contradict each other if one is connected to the other. Spaces and programs work independently, while events will change if placed in a new space. Events and spaces are not integrated/connected with each other but will affect each other if combined/conducted together under certain conditions. So that architecture is violence between one aspect and another.
According to my prospection from the theory put forward by Tschumi, is it possible if there is no event in architecture, but that architecture can bring out/stimulate the event itself to its surroundings? How can urban problems be likened to a metaphor for organisms? How do the urban elements support each other’s connectedness of the city, if one of the elements dominates will it affect the city, and if one of the elements loses its function, will the essence of a city die, or can it even adapt?
So that raises speculation: what if the use of private vehicles is prohibited by the government because the source of fuel oil has run out or even disappeared? What if in the future Indonesia starts implementing a culture of liking walking to go? What if the transportation system is improved, will this affect the movement and connectedness system in a city?
The site location that I chose on PA 5 is on Jl. W.R. Supratman, Kutoanyar, Kec. Tulungagung, Tulungagung Regency, East Java. The existing condition of the site is in the form of a green open space park which is rarely visited by the local community even though it is strategically located in the middle of the city and is easily accessible because it is on the edge of the provincial road. So, I want to develop the potential on the site by designing buildings that can stimulate/reapply events on the site. With the events that appear in the new design, it is expected to stimulate events in the surrounding buildings. The building typology is a commercial building in the form of a creative production space that supports the development of UMKM in the Tulungagung area. By applying the concepts of Urban Movement and Connectedness, I am trying to integrate the functions of the public transportation system to access the location of the site, where local people must use public transportation facilities to access the location.
LA VILLAGE
Daffa Ramadhan A | 08111940000089
Arise from Bernard Tschumi’s theory “There is no Architecture without Action, There is no Architecture without Event, There is no Architecture without Program.” and “There is no Architecture without Violence” which refers to how architecture is formed and forms a program in a space so that the form that created must bring a force that encourages users to do something and vice versa, from there an idea emerged that architecture is the result of a program and each building program has a particular dominant purpose or function, what if a building does not have a particular function, can the shape of the building accommodate the space program in it? The idea arose from speculation that if in the future, the area that humans can inhabit decreases due to damage from pollution from time to time so that land can become dangerous for humans to live in or use, then limited land must be properly utilized so that it can accommodate all needs. human to live. Taking into account the area in use today, it is estimated that the habitable area for the future is in the mountains and forest areas that are currently uninhabited, from these considerations a mountainous area of Tuban which has a nearby river flow was chosen. The merging of building functions is carried out based on the division of areas in a modern city, namely residential, economic and industrial areas. With these speculations and zoning considerations, it is certain that the provision of industrial, economic, and settlement space programs can accommodate all human activities for life, namely clothing from industry, food from the economy, and housing from settlements. The proposed concept is an artificial environment that provides food, clothing, and shelter, accommodates a community, a cage that places them in it with all their spatial needs, which can work by themselves without depending on the outside, a village. This is where the name ‘LA VILLAGE” came from. The design begins with an analysis of the space requirements of each building function, industrial buildings that focus on plantations and livestock, economic buildings that focus on restaurants, and multipurpose halls and settlements that focus on houses, communal spaces, and playgrounds. By analyzing the required program, the next step is to determine the quality of the rooms presented, such as the need for illumination, lighting, and building openings, which are cut and shifted in stages so that each room can meet these requirements. then the addition of a water harvesting and water treatment system was added to accommodate the very large water needs considering the complex functions of the building, presented to facilitate the use of the building. Then the vertical placement of space is determined by a space privacy hierarchy starting from the public for the lower floors, then semi-public, semi-private, and private for the highest room. Shifting the masses is considered so that the orientation of the building with garden and livestock functions can get the most sunlight and can be exposed to sunlight for one full day on most days each year to maximize food production. That way the occupants can get what they need to work, get food, and get clothes from processed garden products. making the building a good sustainable environment.
A MODEST PROPOSAL: ERRATICA
Syafa Ailsa Dewi Banuwati | 08111940000022
Examples of modernist and deconstructionist manifestation in architecture can be seen in the form of an office, The Wainwright Building, and the other an urban park, Parc de la Villette (respectively). Louis Sullivan paved the way for the future of office skyscrapers while Tschumi’s unprecedented forms of follies in Parc de la Villette, completely open for interpretation, I find very intriguing. What if we were to apply such a concept in a different setting? In this case, an office. I aim to explore event, space, and movement (human and built environment relationships) in Bernard Tschumi’s The Manhattan Transcript, and amalgamate it with Louis Sullivan’s utilitarian office tiers. We can learn from the famous sitcom The Office (2005–2013) which occasionally shows office activities being performed in places other than an office (conflict), activities other than office works being performed in an office (indifference), or even unconventional forms of desks and how the characters utilise them in an office setting (reciprocity with modification) such as the quad-desk, mega desk, standing desk, fitness orb replacing Dwight’s chair, etc. Behavior-setting theory suggests that people can adapt to any arrangement of space and that behavior in a given environment is caused entirely by the characteristics of the environment. My hypothesis is quite simple: that new office environment will potentially generate new behavior and attitudes among workers. One may ask… How can Louis Sullivan’s “form follows function” aphorism possibly be applied in a deconstructionist (Tschumi) manner? In an office setting, employees and employers are tied to work goals. There exist expected activities. In this context, designers must preconceive what kind of activities take place in the office tiers. I responded to that question with the first principle reduction to create modules as affordances. The first step is to analyse the physical positions in which people perform their work-related activities. I conclude that all require 3 fundamental things: worksurface, bottom (surface to sit on), and footrest. The absence of one (excluding worksurface) is acceptable. The second step is to study standard dimensions (for comport and ergonomy). The last step is to begin conceptual work: modules consisting of elevated surfaces which can be utilized as a worksurface, bottom, and footrest. In this step, form follows function. Form-making takes inspiration from the works of famous designers such as Pierre Paulin, Verner Panton, and even the sex couch. My impression of Pierre Paulin’s Dune Sofa is that it’s a manifestation of the mid-century functionalism spirit. In architecture, functionalism is the doctrine that the form of a building should be determined by practical considerations such as use, material, and structure, as distinct from the attitude that plan and structure must conform to a preconceived picture in the designer’s mind. It is indeed designed as a sofa: a long upholstered piece of furniture for several people to sit on. However, Dune Sofa has some democratic aspects to it. It allows customization. Therefore, taking the “form follows function” aphorism to the next level. Sex couch inspires me in a different way. Even when the purpose is predetermined by its designers, the users can still explore different positions in which they perform the deeds. Any position that fits the form of the sofa is possible. There is almost no limitation. I thought of combining the idea of “form follows function” and maybe “function follows form” to explore further the relationship between humans and objects, turning a mundane activity: working, into something experimental.
TANJUNG FISH MARKET : Controlling Lifestyle
Irfiana Nur Firdauzy | 08111940000029
Based on Tschumi’s theory as a complement to Sullivan’s theory “form follows function”, architecture comes with actions, events, and programs. This creates violence in architecture. Space and body influence each other. Because of this relationship, space vs body cannot be separated. “By extension, there is no architecture without violence, Architecture’s violence is fundamental and unavoidable, Event and space do not merge but affect one another (agree). Architecture ceases to be a backdrop for actions, becoming the action itself (Disagree). If architecture has become an ‘action’ itself, then what about the reality where buildings have not been able to overcome existing problems because of people’s destructive behavior? Is it true that architecture has become an act that can control people’s behavior? Is it true that behavior and habits can be controlled by architecture? The behavior and habits of coastal communities harm urban spatial planning, such as changes in land use in trade and service areas. This design seeks to provide answers to these problems with architectural actions that can control the lifestyle of coastal communities. What if architecture as an act can control/control people’s destructive behavior? Can the architecture of the future be able to refute the statement “there is no architecture without violence”? Coastal areas that change the function of roads into trading places. Tanjung Village, Camplong District, Sampang Regency. Site selection was based on the condition of the place which was dirty and messy with a fish market on the side of the road which resulted in traffic jams. The design problems are Architectural elements that affect humans, Vehicle circulation in space, Linear movement, Transparency. The use of the superimposition method which was popularized by Bernard Tschumi through his book Architecture and Disjunction is felt to be able to lead this design to achieve its goals. This superimposition method is combining several layers that are different from each other into one incoming plane. In this design, the process begins by bringing together the three basic layers which are the relationship between space and event, namely indifference, reciprocity, and conflict. Each layer here has its meaning and purpose in the process of creating an event in space. Lines (Presented by rows of green parks and circulation of vehicle and human movements). Spot View/Promenade-Conflict is held to add to the diversity of narratives offered in the use of these facilities which are embodied in the pedestrian program. This program is able to anticipate ‘abuse’ in the design so that the design can adapt to new events that were not preceded before; Points (Presented with a linear main building. The building acts as the venue for all programmed/planned events). Fish Market-Reciprocity which is more indicated to be the main goal, finally limited to the program market; Surface (Surface designed to accept all activities that require horizontal expansion of space for play, public entertainment, etc. It is called remaining surface (when all aspects of the program have been fulfilled), composed of earth and stone, the garden material familiar to all Parisians. Ground level and stones provide programmatic freedom). Public area-indifference, The indifference layer is the main layer where it is the basis for placing programs from other layers. This layer has a program as a public space where events and spaces that occur in the facility are not bound to one another. This indifference is then able to provide statements that are able to support events that occur when users experience conflicts in the program.
Tsabita Faradiva H | 08111940000013
Aging begins when entering the age of 60 years or more, where human cells will also experience aging which affects the decreased ability of cells that affect a person’s physical and psychological condition. The decreased of physical and psychological abilities also affect cognitive function decline, which causes Alzheimer’s disease and dementia in the elderly group. As a result, the elderly has dependence on other people in carrying out their activities, which is commonly referred to “assisted living”. Through this design, speculation is formulated regarding the role of architecture in the user context, in this case, the elderly. Manifestation of elderly independent living through architecture creates a lot of questions such as : What if architecture is able to assist the elderly to carry out independent lives? How far does the concept of “independent living” enable to be realised? Is it possible for elderly-friendly buildings to be built vertically? How does verticality affect user accessibility in it, especially in the context of the elderly?
Yoriharsa Senior Living strives to create senior citizens who are able to move independently, where the concept of residential design adapts to the needs of the elderly. In addition, the environment that is formed must be able to provide physical and psychological comfort, and also able to prevent the worsening of elderly diseases. Therefore, this residence applies an environmental psychology approach through the application of universal design. Built vertically with 4 levels of floors with the basic geometric shape of a circle, this residence is equipped with 2 occupant elevators and 1 service elevator that can accommodate nursing care beds. These 4 stories building shaped circle which chosen based on the circulation needs that are most suitable for the elderly. This building is also equipped by low raise stairs equipped with handrail grips on each side of the wall. Not only in the stairs area, but also providing handrail grips in the corridor area and in the room units. The building in the form of a facade is equipped with a secondary skin facade to block direct sunlight, increase privacy, and increase building security. In addition, green open space is also provided on each floor of the building in the form of a balcony garden. Equipped with several facilities such as a swimming pool, therapy room, reading room, art room, function room, and many other facilities, expected that it will be able to fill the free time of the elderly to be more productive in their daily activities.
This design is intended for the elderly who need special attention, especially those who cannot be accompanied and cared for 24 hours by busy families. By living in this senior living, the security and safety of the elderly can be continuously monitored, and encouraged to carry out activities independently, and their nutritional needs will be guaranteed.
MUSHROOM TOURIST PARK WITH MANUFACTURER FACTORY
Sania Ayu Janani Fadlilah | 08111940000071
In this design, the background is a problem regarding the number and activities of many users when they are in a building. Where one room which is a public space will be filled with many activities and users, this will have an impact on the volume or area requirements that will accommodate it. In addition, a private or separate room is needed so that the activities of each user are properly maintained. The building has a function as an educational park which can become a tourist park, equipped with mushroom production and cultivation factories.
Why choose mushroom production and cultivation?
Mushroom plants have various types that can be consumed or cannot be consumed by humans. Based on the reference that nowadays, people like to consume mushrooms for their daily staple food. Meanwhile, mushroom production is not always successful in harvesting or growing properly due to the unfavorable climate. In order to maintain the preservation of mushroom types and human food needs, a place to harvest mushrooms is needed, such as a greenhouse which is used as a mushroom production and cultivation factory.
How to create effective circulation in a room with branches or many floors?
To create an effective circulation, the theory of function and form (form follow function) can be applied by bringing the concept of biomimetic architecture as a solution. Function and form (form follow function) is a form of design following or prioritizing the planned space according to function to meet human needs. And has great attention to the use of materials to get an aesthetic impression or end result based on function. Biomemtic architecture applies the characteristics of living things to a building. The characteristics of living things that are applied are fungi because they are multicellular, which means they have branched, fragmented networks, have spores (sporangium), consist of fine threads (hyphae) as cell tissue, and are structured so that this fungus becomes an example or inspiration for design problems.
As a designer to solve circulation problems, the first step is when the user enters the building, he can freely choose which room he wants to go to from a divided or branched room. This is part of the rational principle, which is a rhythm whose type of circulation is radial, from one central point to another which has many branches. The radial character is not only applied inside the building, but also applied outside the building. In the cut and plan drawings, where there are two masses, each of which has a different size and there is a bridge as a link to unite the two buildings. The plan shows the core structure (vertical transportation) that stands in the middle of the building as the center point from the lower room to the upper room, while the bridge to connect the two masses serves as the center point that is visible from the outside or the entire site leading to the first or second building mass.
PHINS: What is Social Media is an Architecture?
Miranda Rahel Gultom | 08111840000070
By looking at the current background, where a new space is created in the virtual world that did not exist before, namely virtual space. These virtual spaces can be seen in the form of social media. However, in this space there are problems that arise, one of which is sexual harassment, which in fact this case can also occur in the real world. With this phenomenon and background, the design of PA 5 was designed with the idea “What if social media were architecture?” namely the idea that speculates about the form of architectural space if its formation is a translation of the function of social media and cases of sexual harassment that occur in it. Where in the design process, architectural forms are not determined based on typology beforehand, but determine space and shape based on how spaces in social media work and try to translate them into physical architectural forms.
The social media function that will be translated into architectural form here is Instagram social media — because according to the survey, Instagram is the social media with the highest percentage of sexual harassment cases in cyberspace. An analogy is made regarding the spaces on Instagram. In Instagram, there are spaces that can be categorized and translated into architectural forms. The first timelie room. The timeline or homepage is the first feature that appears when opening the Instagram application. This space is translated as a group discussion space in a public open space. The formal concept of this space is the translation of the story features on the timeline. The translation is the shading of the sun to indicate time.
Next, there is the explore room, which is a public space where everyone can show self-actualization and is also used as a promotional or commercial area. Then the translation is a space that accommodates performances and commercials. The circulation is made linear as a representation of the way people use the explore feature, namely by scrolling where the scrolling activity seems to create a straight linear line on the screen.
Next is the direct message area which is translated as a private discussion space. It is an open space that makes natural elements, namely plants and height leveling, as separators between each of the discussion rooms. And the last is the profile space, which is the identity of the Instagram account. Inside there is a management office and psychology bureau as the main identity of the design relating to the issue of sexual harassment. For the landscape metaphor, it is arranged based on the connection between spaces and the metaphor of the medusa. Medusa is a character in Greek mythology who is a symbol of sexual abuse victims. Depicted with the head on the space timeline and the snake’s tail is depicted with circulations on the site.
8 : Designing life-death-rise Building
Radya Wafi Adyatma | 08111940000090
Start with form and function theory in architecture. This research aims to further form and function theory while also criticizing Richard Hill’s synthesis of two theses by Frank L. Wright and Peter Eisenman. According to Hill, there is something else that is more significant than form and function. Hill asserted that function and form are not as significant as purpose. Because form and function are simply driven by purpose. Two things lose their meaning in the absence of a purpose.
Hill thesis about “purpose” was the start point of this project. Questioning that “purpose thesis” by hill are still relevant today was the main task of this project. This question was support by the phenome in major city in Indonesia which was develop by the Dutch in past. In that major city there’s a phenome that showing us that the old building shifting their purpose from office in 18’s into coffee shop in 20’s. if we apply the hill theory it doesn’t aligned with it. Form as part of building still works even there’s a shifting purpose.
This project found out that there’s another important variable that can adding more effect to the design. Time is an important variable in designing building. How long the purpose will be lasting and if time fulfil that purpose, what purpose will become a new purpose of the building in future? We can predict and imagine some building to have another purpose based on the speculative things in future. But, instead of predicting and imagine. This project chooses to design what the building will become in future.
This project defines new purpose by predict the future users of the building. Plants and animals need a good environment to life. If the environment doesn’t support that. Building become a more suitable for plant and animal to life. It happened in abounded building that plant will vines on the building walls and animal will make the shelter for themselves in somewhere inside the building. So, this project will focus on how the building will become in future with listening the needs of the next user, plants and animal, and how the building will support them.
Typology of this project is a traditional market. As the project take place in Surabaya that have many tabebuia as the face of the city. This project focus on how the building will support tabebuia and animals after the market abounded in future. This project showing another perspective of how we design a building. Design iteration doesn’t end in the purpose to fulfil what client needs. But we must also think about the possibility building function in future. The function is not limited by the human activity. It can be from plant, animal, or even another form of life as a future. This can also be a new ethic responsibility for an architect to design an object. In the end, everything’s comes to death, either building. We can predict and imagine. But why don’t we design it?
Aphatetic Architecture: Form based on Social Value Degradation of Digital Age
Sri Wahyuni Fatimah | 08111940000026
Form follows function, is the theory put forward by Bernard Tschumi and is the basis most often used in designing. In his book, “Functionalism Revisited,” Jon Lang relates function to the behavioral science of humans. Where human behavior itself is usually based on values instilled over time. So, what if a value changes? What form will this change take?
The development of technology is indeed something that is needed by society at this time. Technology has an impact on the economy, health, education, transportation and also social. It is said that technology brings those who are far away closer and distances those who are close. This assumption is increasingly developing into a fact when we look at the people around us. Social values change, as does the behavior based on those values. With humans as users, changes in values and social behavior that occur to them will of course also affect the form of an architecture.
The design concept is to position individuals into a limited space and have high privacy and then arrange them in a large architectural constellation. Individual disposition is carried out by breaking the building into smaller independent spaces to represent the idea of form follows value (social aspect of digital age).
THE INFINITE: Surabaya City Government Office
Annisa Tesa Marchintha Pariandarto | 08111940000066
In 1999, Richard Hill talked about purpose, function, and use in architecture. Those three aspects were talked about broadly and deeply. In the ensemble of use section, he tried to define what use really means. He explained that use now becomes quite elusive. Then, he came with a conclusion that an ensemble of use has three components. Those three components are a certain pattern of human activity, a certain configuration and detail of architectural form, and a certain arrangement of furniture or equipment. The first two components are indispensable because they are related to each other. With the absence of humans, a certain area or room or architecture is going to be empty and useless.
In the future, where industry 4.0 becomes something greater, when the next industry called industry 5.0 arrives, efficiency and automation will be taken to the next level. Robots and machines with cognitive ability will become commonplace. Robots and machines being present to help humans with their work. Human-robot collaboration will happen. Everything will become human centric where the point is to make everything easier for humans and make mass customization.
What if architecture is not only used by humans but also by robots? Will the components of ‘an ensemble of use’ change? Or will it expand on what ‘use’ is in architecture?
And what happens when applied to the city of Surabaya? Especially in the city government offices? Will changing the context make a difference? Will civil servants be completely replaced by robots? Then what about the function of the city government office?
MENTENG PARK RESIDENCE : Dwelling for The Fast-Paced Lifestyle
Feriza Zainina Zahwa | 08111940000098
The fast-paced era forms new habits for humans who live in it. This can be felt by the community, especially office workers in the city of Jakarta. These new habits encourage people to turn a finger more quickly and efficiently. These habits certainly influences the shape and role of the smallest scope of society, namely the place of residence.In the future, the possibility of efficient and multifunctional residential use is very high because this habit has become a lifestyle for the community, one example is the style of working remote-job.This design combines residential functions and a practical co-working area that accommodates the style of working remote jobs but still provides a conducive atmosphere for the fast-paced lifestyle community.
PERSPECTURE : PRESUMTION OF FUNCTION
FIRNANDA PUTRA SETIADI | 08111940000032
Back then, we can identify buildings' function and use just by looking at it, it also acts as a
placemaker for us to navigate. But in recent years, with the development of
architecture, defining function of a building just by looking at it, is a task itself.
when and how our paradigm of a building functions and use came from? frequent use? text description? our believes? our ideals? what if there is no clear indication or hint of what kind of building it might be? what if we were deceived by its look? would we be confused by it?
