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Duality in Architecture

Muhammad Abiyyu Marthazhafrandi | 08111840000041 | Kelas A

As we know, Andrea Palladio had an iconic Architecture with typical of symmetrical design. Everything is the same between left and right. The way Palladio create his building face is like a poem. We also know Le Corbusier. Just like Palladio, Corbusier also a famous Architect back then. But Corbusier Style is different with Palladio. Corbusier set his design so explosive. He set his building dynamic, with amount of surprise but still very effective. They are very different, but no one is wrong with their theory. So, how to pick which one theory we want to use? Why not use both of them. What if symmetrical of Palladio combine with Corbusier’s explosiveness? We will make face building like palladio, but Corbusier inside. Create building facade using symmetrical of Palladio, and create inside the building using grid of Corbusier and explosiveness of Corbusier too. Combine both of theory to build a private learning center in Jl. Kusuma Bangsa. Which locate near SMAN 1, SMAN 2, SMAN 5, SMAN 9, and SMPN 1 Surabaya. All of that building is from colonial. Have typical building that Dutch create in early 50’s. We adapt the concept of colonial building and make it as the face of this building. As we use both of concept, it creates something new. A Duality in Architecture.

PALLADIO 4.0

Shalahuddin Akbar Aviecena | Kelas A

Andrea Palladio was designing a villa based on roman and greek proportion. What if it’s based on Industry 4.0? In the world of 4th Industrial Revolution, we have advanced technology such as robot that helps human doing activities. The nature of robot is that they can move freely to the desired places according to human’s order. The advanced technology also allows us to customize a lot of things in life, so that almost everything can be created as personal as the people wants. But when it comes to staying on a villa, we usually only get to choose what’s available. What if we can have a customizeable villa to our desired rooms while maintaining Palladio’s principle of proportion? This architectural design will explore more about the possibilities of choosing rooms of a villa in the desired order.

WINDOWS PERSONALITY

Muh Ammar AL Farrosi | 08111840000031 | Kelas A

Based on Le Corbusier’s Ribbon Window Proportion

One of the implementations of the Le Corbusier Architectural revolution was the presence of windows and free facades. Le Corbusier emphasizes the view aspect of a window in a house building. A window becomes a panorama of space. At that time the ribbon window became the new face of window exploration on the façade.

Apartment inhabited by various community backgrounds. Heterogeneous users need their personalization of space and façade expressions, one of which is a window. The function of the window as a view catcher is certainly not lost, but the problem of windows as identity and expression on the façade becomes new.

The design talks about how to use the user’s personality type as data for apartment design-builders using the principle of le Corbusier proportions. The criteria are how different window proposals can maximize the quality of the space, to the expression of the façade present.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a psychotic designed to measure a person’s purely basic psychological preferences in seeing the world and making decisions. These psychotics are designed to measure an individual’s intelligence, talents, and personality type. Introvert-extrovert, sensing-intuition, Thinking-Feeling, and judging perceiving are 4 pairs of character variations in MBTI, permutations resulting in 16 different personality types consisting of 4 letter code arrangements.

16 characters of MBTI as data on the design becomes the input of the specified design parameter. Parametric methods are used in presenting permutations of inputted data. Parameters are determined based on the transfer of a domain from an outside domain architecture (MBTI) to an architectural domain. Introvert — extroverts are transferred into changes from translucent to transparent windows. Sensing — intuition transferred into a focused window shape until it expands. Thinking — Feeling is transferred into the shape of a vertical to the horizontal window. Judging-Perceiving is transferred into a regular to random window pattern.

The shape of the space, the order of furniture, decoration and circulation are also determined the parameters of the change. 16 personalities will be inputted on the design algorithm to give rise to the permutation of form and design. The algorithm also determines how the arrangement of closeness between personalities. The design tries to find the fittest form and the most appropriate order to the character of each personality to the closeness of space between personalities.

The design consists of 4 types of houses, studio, 1 bedroom, 2 bedroom and 3 bedrooms. The four types are arranged in a block. Each type consists of 16 personalities with an order of 4 houses per floor totalling 4 floors per type. Between blocks, the type of house is limited to split floors that are used as facility space. The technical design uses a core-supported shaft structure system. The beam-column system is also combined in the outermost part of the design as support in the cantilever. The selection of the three systems is considered from the difference in the shape of each space in the design.

Living with Livestock:

Muhammad Naufal Hakim | 08111840000057 | Kelas A

New Reference in Proportion and Organization Both Palladio and Le Corbusier use human body as a reference for proportion and organization. It causes space to be arranged in ways that is specific to human’s activity. An addition of user that has different body proportion would call for an adaptation of spatial arrangement.

Nowadays, the living spaces of human and animals are getting closer. One of the issues is how to provide space for farm animal to live in an urban area, in order to increase food production capacity. The addition of farm animals into our living space arises new question: how farm animals can be used as proportion and organization reference in creating a co-living space within the context of food production in urban area?

The design process starts by selecting the type of farm animals that would be used as reference. Each of their body proportions are measured and the results become the base of creating spatial arrangements. Building plans are organized using Palladio’s principle of symmetry and centrality. The iteration is based on how many type of farm animals that each plan can contain.

45° OF ROTUNDA

Maghfiroh R | 08111840000029 | Kelas A

Ambiguity in Verticality and Horizontality

The existence of proportion and organization in architecture is an important part when looking at how architecture is designed. This is what makes Andrea Palladio in his designs always prioritizes symmetry and the existence of centralization in realizing the proportions and organization that he thinks are ideal. In one of his works, Villa Rotunda is one of the works that is considered ideal to have an influence and impetus for how architecture is built with proper proportions and organization with Palladio principles. It can be seen from the facade of the building that the symmetrical rotunda has the same harmonization in all four facades. This is because Palladio in designing made the floor plan symmetrical and centralized, followed by walls as the construction of the plan. It can be concluded that architecture in achieving proportion and organization begins with a good floor plan division as a horizontal element followed by walls as a vertical element. Horizontal to vertical is how linear architecture works. This raises the questions: Is there two-way communication between horizontal and vertical? do they work just linearly? What is the impact when the two are able to communicate? In answering these questions, we can reflect on mathematical logic when working on a geometry or on an axis. When mathematics displays vertical and horizontal, there is another element that arises between the two, namely the diagonal. Diagonals are used as tools in answering these questions. The existence of a diagonal will provide new information in designing architectural designs, they are diagonal will be a part that can obscure (ambiguity) the function of the wall as a vertical element and the floor as a horizontal element and the diagonal always divides the angles equally. So that in compiling the design, only diagonals are used in compiling the space organizer without presenting vertical and horizontal again. However, we know that humans will experience difficulties in carrying out their activities when they are not met with good gravity, so we still need to present a horizontal element as a tread when it is between the diagonals and the material is glass. The glass material will give the effect of transparency and the ambiguity of the diagonal is still felt in the design of the building.

VISAGE OF MODERNITY

Aryazopa Tjong | 08111840000055 | KELAS A

Le Corbusier’s Five Points Implemented to Induce Fear

Le Corbusier’s vision of “free plan, free facade” and the architectural freedom it provided have massively impacted architecture until today. Elements and aspects of Le Corbu’s thought can be seen in buildings everywhere. Yet since its conception with the zeitgeist of the third industrial revolution, a lot of critics have debated modern architecture’s downfall in many different aspects, from social, cultural, and performance implications. This project will also debate against Le Corbusier and his promises on modern architecture, specifically the beauty of modern architecture. If a building is designed according to Le Corbusier’s five points on architecture, with the intent of inducing fear on its user, can it still be defined as a beautiful building?

To answer the question, Le Corbusier’s theory could be broken down to its elements, and implemented according to the prospect and refuge theory, which dictate how unclear, obstructed views and unsecure, unprotected places can increase discomfort on the user. A building use which that is fitting of this concept is a cemetery, where there is a clear distinction between the spaces belonging to the living and the dead. In this project, a specific typology will be chosen to be explored, which is the catacombs. This particular typology is made up of multiple tunnels connecting into one large network of graves, and have no known modern counterpart, perfect for the context of the project. With all aforementioned contexts, the resulting design criteria is to design a building with poor refuge and prospect using modern architectural elements (pilotis, loggia, cantilevers, enclosures, etc.), resulting in an irregular, ambiguous space.

To emulate the irregular, twisting and turning and looping galleries and tunnels of catacombs in a modern manner, the construction must be altered. Underground tunnels will be replaced with cantilever loggias, floating above ground. Most of the cemetery space will be risen above ground, held in place with concrete shear walls and pilotis as supporting structures. The pilotis will also support roofs, creating long loggias in which natural light can enter and open the view in a wide angle. Another aspect that will be altered is the arrangement.

The ground’s irregularities and other conditions then can be neglected. By this point, the twist and turns of catacombs carved according to the ground’s properties is not relevant anymore, and the direction in which catacombs can be arranged is more flexible. To reflect on that aspect, designing a modular system will be appropriate, where modules can be adjusted to meet other requirements, such as the boundaries of the site. Basic geometric shapes and their interactions between one another can be explored to find an arrangement with optimal connectability and space capacity. This project adopts the arrangement of tetrominoes, the T-tetromino in particular, to generate spatial configuration. The resulting design looks randomly generated at first, but in reality has a specific pattern that loops back. Repetitive modern elements will further disorient a person wandering within the building.

What animal live by

Maurania Kusuma | 08111840000081 | Class A

Be Kind to Animals, they said.

But then proceeded to trap them inside a cage.

For education purpose, they said.

But then forgot to create the space they needed.

There’s no room for everyone, they said.

But then maximized the space for a selfie backdrop.

Unethical practice towards animals has begun since the movement of the modernism architecture, yet still can be found until today. Human tends to dominate a space, even made a so-called animal home in the city, called a Zoo. Where it’s trapping them in a room that isn’t even suit for themselves. Dominate, and prioritized human needs, leds to another unethical practice. The aim in this project is to study the Andrea Palladio’s ‘Perfect Proportion for Room Organizing’ and combining the theory with the studies of animal’s behaviour in marking their territories, to create an ethical space placement for animal. Rearranging and reprogram the whole area with Palladio’s theory and respecting the animal’s comfort is the goal in the project of the new Zoo prototype.

GRID 2.67

Niccolas Troy Putra Heriyanto | 08111840000021 | Kelas A

Industrial Revolution, the process of change from handicraft to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. These technological changes introduced novel ways of working and living and fundamentally transformed society. Mass production is one of them. In modern history, Le Corbusier argued about universal measurement, to create harmony between human and machine. Le Modulor is a series of number that embodied in proportion of grid to serve as a basis for prefabrication. But, nowadays, the geometry is not constrained in regular planes only. So, how is proportion of grid applied in irregular planes? In Grid 2.67, initial concept developed to create architectural object, using Le Modulor sequence approach, by crumpling the grid that was already made in a piece of paper. The crease of irregular grid used to create irregular planes, and projected to create volume, and then refined by using Le Modulor ratio sequence again. This way, regular in irregularity can be defined.

Efficiency of Proportion

Prisqilia AJ | 08111840000022 | Class A

The proportional greatness of architecture in the Renaissance era was successfully realized by Andrea Palladio. The element that plays an important role in Palladio’s design is the ‘mathematical calculation’. Theoretically, Palladio’s mathematical calculations are used as tools to achieve beautiful and symmetrical proportions. However, as we can see in the current era, humans who live in urban areas tend to want to move quickly and freely. Then, if we move on to sites with conditions that are much different from the sites, places where Palladio’s works were successfully built, for example on sites with extreme ratios in the middle of dense urban areas.

“How efficient is Palladio’s concept of building and space proportions on a human scale, when applied to sites with extreme ratios?”

Starting from a context, a site with dimensions of 250m x 20m which is next to Tunjungan Plaza Mall was chosen as the design area because it is included in the category of a site with an extreme ratio. A new challenge then arises when a design must not only be sufficiently built on the land, but also must meet the activities that occur in it. Initially the design was adapted from one of Palladio’s buildings, namely Villa La Rotonda. Then the villa is placed on the site and squeezed according to the width of the site. What can be seen is that Villa Rotonda is squashed and the building is duplicated in the direction of north and south. However, because the design must also pay attention to other elements such as local development regulations and also the need for parking and circulation. So the building must be narrowed, but still be able to meet the needs of the activities in it. In the end, the main key in the design lies in the formal transformation process, namely the existence of bending in the shape of the building to expand the building area but still comply with the development rules. This bending process also offers the concept of equality in each room or can be called “All you can see”, because each main room is not limited or blocked by other rooms.

Theory | Proportion and Organization by Andrea Palladio

DEFORMATION GRID

Nabilah Putri R | 08111840000072 | Kelas A

Le Corbusier’s theory itself is explicitly in the form of: The architectural revolution — for it is a real revolution — implies different acts: 1. to classify 2. to dimension 3. to circulate 4. to compose 5. to proportion. The emergence of this revolution is due to the need to build 500000 houses where the housing must be built very well and at a low price. Therefore, a mass production strategy was introduced. After that, there is le modulor as a measure of proportion where le modulor is a visual bridge between two incompatible scales, the Imperial and the metric system. It is based on the height of a man with his arms raised. assisted by le modulator and golden ratio then there is a grid proportion. vertical connections, elevators, ramps, stairways, ladders; horizontal connections (circulation): what are they? one simultaneous perception produces architectural emotion — good or bad. Therefore, one should recognize the organs of the house, make a list, classify them. one of them is a vertical connection, circulation or horizontal connection. in the section to circulate theory le corbu, there is a statement “Monsieur will have his cell, Madame also, Mademoiselle also. Each of these cells has floors and ceilings carried by freestanding independent columns. Each cell opens by a door on a walkway along the three apartments . Once through each door one is in a complete unit made up of an entrance, a dressing room” . In this statement, each cell has freestanding independent columns where Le Corbusier in arranging the columns uses a grid. therefore the grid in le corbusier is not explicitly conveyed. So that the grid is the method used to read Le Corbu’s theory functionally. So that in this speculation and experiment it is in the form of how the visually 2D grid is functionally used to arrange columns and circulation and then deconstructed geometrically, one of which is folded, bent, to form 3D. the le Corbusier grid itself is a rectangular grid with a planar shape. So that this deconstruction exploration has parameters without changing this planar element, based on Helmut Pottman’s architectural geometry book, planar transformations can be in the form of translation, rotation and reflection. In order for this transformation to have the same deformation parameters, the method used is the grasshopper application. Form a grid there and then rotate it using the same parameters so that a new grid appears. The buildings built by le Corbusier are housing units, villas, community centers, and museums. In le Corbusier’s work, the building typology that fits this concept is the housing unit because the grid concept will match the housing unit. The concept used in this design is in the form of grid deformation, the use of colors used by le corbu to map the space so as to form circulation, placement of space and the size of the space, as well as the use of materials in the form of concrete.