UTIs: Why Urinary Problems are Prevalent in Pets
Urinary tract problems in pets can stem from many different causes. Some causes are physical (such as hormonal imbalances, congenital abnormalities, diseases, dehydration and more); while others are related to stress and even dehydration.
To understand the causes of UTIs, it’s important to have a basic understanding of how the urinary system works in animals.
The bladder is like a balloon that can expand and contract. Normally, urine flows from the kidneys to the ureter, and then into the bladder where it is stored. Eventually that fluid is eliminated through the urethra.
Problems arise when bacteria is introduced to this system. Bacteria is introduced in many ways. Occasionally, the genital tract or rectal area may allow bacteria to travel back into the urethra. This is often due to a physical deformity (such as a recessed vulva) or any other congenital defect.
When recurrent infections begin, it can result in scar tissue, which gives bacteria plenty of room to hide. This also allows bacteria to move throughout the system and into the kidneys, which can cause stones to form. Recurring infections can cause crystals or stones, which can result in a blockage of the urethra. This is an emergency situation as it not only causes your pet severe pain, but can also result in death if not treated quickly.
Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections
Symptoms of UTIs vary. In many pets, you may not notice unless you pay close attention to their behavior — which is why it’s so important to receive regular checkups. In other pets, you may notice behavioral issues (such as a cat refusing to use a litterbox). Here are some other symptoms you should watch for:
• Frequent need to urinate but Inability to pass urine (or only passing a small amount)
• Cloudy, dark or bloody urine
• Loss of bladder control (dribbling)
• Straining or crying when urinating
• Spraying (especially in cats) or refusal to use a litterbox
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Obsessive licking of urinary opening
• Strong odor
• Vomiting, weight loss
• Change in behavior or mood
What Can I Do to Help My Pets?
The most important things you can do to prevent Urinary Tract Diseases in healthy pets is to encourage your dogs and cats to drink plenty of fluids.
Water allows your pets to flush toxins from their system more efficiently. This will not eliminate the cause of problems, but it will help decrease the frequency and intensity of infections.
In senior pets, increased or excessive water intake may result in incontinence, as the bladder becomes weaker with age. It’s possible that urine is “leaking” and creating bacteria which can then transfer. This is also true for pets that have a birth defect, trauma or other type of physical injury. In these cases, you should do your best to keep the area as clean as possible. Use disposable cleansing cloths (like those available from EarthBath to gently clean the area throughout the day.
What Will the Veterinarian Do?
Your veterinarian will first do a physical exam, followed by a urinalysis to see if there is bacteria in the urine. If caught early enough, your veterinarian will most likely just put your pets on antibiotics and/or a special diet designed to help fight urinary tract disease. They may also need to your dog or cat IV or Subcutaneous fluids to help flush toxins that gather in the urinary tract.
Your veterinarian may also recommend natural remedies (such as supplements or urinary alkalinizers or acidifiers). Your pets may require surgical correction (especially in the case of congenital defects). They may also need to treat the underlying condition causing repeated problems (such as diabetes) that can help decrease the likelihood of future problems.
Your pet may also need blood work, X-rays, or an ultrasound to ensure that no crystals or stones have formed. If the condition has resulted in kidney stones or crystals, your vet may need to perform emergency surgery.
It’s important to catch these urinary problems early as blockages and even severe UTIs can lead to death if not treated.
