How did prey species survive long enough to evolve warning coloration whilst living amongst predators who can better see them but have not yet learned to avoid them?

Β© by GrrlScientist for Forbes

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Ranitomeya amazonica is a poison dart frog species. There is no explicit sexual dimorphism in this frog, but females tend to be slightly bigger than males. This species is widely distributed throughout the Amazon rainforest. (Credit: V2 / CC BY-SA 3.0)

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𝐆𝐫𝐫π₯π’πœπ’πžπ§π­π’π¬π­, scientist & journalist
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PhD evolutionary ecology/ornithology. Psittacophile. scicomm Forbes, previously Guardian. always Ravenclaw. discarded scientist & writer, now an angry house elf