Loops In python - Why Should You Use One

Loops in Python - Edureka

Dealing with redundant code and repetitive commands can be a nightmare for any programmer. Python makes use of loops, control and conditional statements to overcome this hurdle. This article will help you understand loops in python and all the terminologies that surround loops.

1. What are Loops in Python?
2. What is for loop and while loop?
3. Loop control statements

What Are Loops In Python?

Loops in Python allow us to execute a group of statements several times. Let's take an example to understand why loops are used in python.

Suppose, you are a software developer and you are required to provide a software module for all the employees in your office. So, you must print the details of the payroll of each employee separately. Printing the details of all the employees will be a tiresome task, instead you can use the logic for calculating the details and keep on iterating the same logic statement. This will save your time and make your code efficient.

The illustration below is the flowchart for a loop:

The execution starts and checks if the condition is True or False. A condition could be any logic that we want to test in our program. If its true it will execute the body of the loop and if its false, It will exit the loop.

Conditional Statements

Conditional statements in Python support the usual logical conditions from mathematics.

For example:

• Equals: a == b
• Not Equals: a != b
• Less than: a < b
• Less than or equal to: a <= b
• Greater than: a > b
• Greater than or equal to : a >= b

These statements can be used in several ways, most commonly in if statement.

Let us understand the concept of if statements.

‘if’ Statement

An if statement is written using the ‘if’ keyword, The syntax is the keyword ‘if’ followed with the condition.

Below is the flowchart of the if statement:

As you can see, the execution encounters the if condition and acts accordingly. If it is true, it executes the body and if it is false, it exits the if statement.

a = 10
b = 20
if a < b :
print(" b is greater")

Above code snippet illustrates the basic example of how a condition is used in the if statement.

When it reaches the if statement it checks whether the value of b is greater or not. If b is greater, it prints “b is greater“. Now if the condition is false, it exits the if statement and executes the next statement. In order to print the next statement, we can add a keyword ‘else’ for the alternate result that we wish to execute. Lets move to the else statement for better understanding.

‘else’ Statement

The else keyword catches anything that is not caught by the preceding conditions. When the condition is false for the if statement, the execution will move to the else statement.

Let's take a look at the flowchart of else statement below:

As you can see, when the if statement was false the execution moved to the body of else. Let's understand this with an example.

a = 10
b = 20
if a < b :
print(" b is greater")
else:
print(" a is greater")

The first condition is not true, so we will move to the next statement which is the else statement and print “b is greater”.

In case we have more conditions to test, we can also use elif statement.

‘elif’ Statement

elif statement in layman term means “try this condition instead”. Rest of the conditions can be used by using the elif keyword.

Let us look at the code below:

a = 10
b = 20
if a < b :
print(" b is greater")
elif a == b :
print(" a is equal to b ")
else:
print(" a is greater")

“When the if statement is not true, the execution will move to the elif statement and check if it holds true. And in the end, the else statement if and elif are false.

Since a != b, “b is greater” will get printed here.

Note: python relies on indentation, other programming languages use curly brackets for loops.

What Is ‘for’ Loop and ‘while’ Loop

A for loop is used to execute statements, once for each item in the sequence. The sequence could be a list, a Dictionary, a set or a string.

A for loop has two parts, the block where the iteration statement is specified and then there is the body which is executed once every iteration.

Unlike while loop, we already specify the number of times the iterations must execute. for loop syntax takes three fields, a Boolean condition, initial value of the counting variable and the increment of the counting variable.

Look at the example to understand this better:

days = ["sun" , "mon" , "tue" , "wed", "thu", "fri", "sat"]
for x in days:
print(x)

Here we were iterating through the list. To iterate through a code for a specified number of times we could use the range() function.

Range Function

Range function requires a specific sequence of numbers. It starts at 0 and then the value increments by 1 until the specified number is reached.

For example:

for x in range(3) 
print(x)

It will print from 0–2, the output will look like

0  
1 
2

Note: the range (3) does not mean the values from 0–3 but the values from 0–2.

Below is another example using the condition statements:

num = int(input("number"))
 
factorial = 1
if num < 0 :
print(" invalid input")
elif num == 0:
print(" factorial is 1")
else:
for i in range( 1 , num+1):
factorial = factorial * i
print(factorial)

‘while’ Loop

The ‘while’ loop executes the set of statements as long as the condition is true.

It consists of a condition block and the body with the set of statements, It will keep on executing the statement until the condition becomes false. There is no guarantee to see how long the loop will keep iterating.

Following is the flowchart for while loop:

To understand this let’s take a look at the example below.

Example:

i = 1
while i < 6 :
     print(i)
     i += 1

Output: it will print 1 2 3 4 5

The execution will continue until value of i reaches 6.

The while loop requires the relevant variable to be ready, here we need an indexing variable, which could be any value.

Let's consider another example:

num = int(input("enter number"))
while num > 0:
    if num < 13:
        print("the number is too large")
        break
    elif num < 13:
        print("number too small")
        break
    elif num == 13:
        print("exit: congratulations")
        break

Note: remember to iterate i or the loop will continue forever. if there is no control statement here, loop will continue forever. try removing the break statement and run again.

We might need to control the flow of the execution to favor a few conditions in some cases, so let’s understand the loop control statements in Python.

Loop Control Statements

To control the flow of the loop or to alter the execution based on a few specified conditions we use the loop control statements discussed below. The control statements are used to alter the execution based on the conditions.

In Python we have three control statements:

Break

Break statement is used to terminate the execution of the loop containing it. As soon as the loop comes across a break statement, the loop terminates and the execution transfers to the next statement following the loop.

As you can see the execution moves to the statement below the loop, when the break returns true.

Let us understand this better with an example:

for val in "string" :
    if val == "i":
       break
       print(val)
    print("the end")

Output:

s 
t 
r 
The end

Here the execution will stop as soon as the string “i” is encountered in the string. And then the execution will jump to the next statement.

Continue

The continue statement is used to skip the rest of the code in the loop for the current iteration. It does not terminate the loop like the break statement and continues with the remaining iterations.

When continue is encountered it only skips the remaining loop for that iteration only.

For example:

for val in "string" :
    if val == "i":
       continue
       print(val)
   print("the end")

Output:

s
t
r
n
g
the end

It will skip the string “i” in the output and the rest of the iterations will still execute. All letters in the string except “i” will be printed.

Pass

The pass statement is a null operation. It basically means that the statement is required syntactically but you do not wish to execute any command or code.

Take a look at the code below:

for val in "please":
if val == "a":
   pass
   print("pass block")
   print(val)

Output:

p 
l
e
pass block
a
s
e

The execution will not be affected and it will just print the pass block once it encounters the “a” string. And the execution will start at “a” and execute the rest of the remaining iterations.

‘while’ Loop Using The Break Statement

Let's understand how we use a while loop using a break statement with an example below:

i = 1
while i < 6 : 
     print(i)
     if i == 3 :
        break
        i += 1

Output: it will print 1 2

The execution will be terminated when the iteration comes to 3 and the next statement will be executed.

Using Continue Statement

Let’s take an example for continue statement in a while loop:

i = 1
while i < 6: 
   print(i)
   if i == 3 :
      continue
      i += 1

Output: 1 2 4 5

Here the execution will be skipped, and the rest of the iterations will be executed.

Nested Loops

Python allows us to use one loop inside another loop, Following are a few examples

Nested for loop

An example to use a for loop inside another for loop:

for i in range(1 , 6):
  for j in range(i):
     print( i , end="")
   print()

Output:

1 
2 2 
3 3 3 
4 4 4 4

Nested ‘while’ loop

Below is the basic syntax to use a nested while loop:

while expression:
while expression:
statement(s)
statement(s)

Example:

An example to show a nested while and for loop:

travelling = input("yes or no")
while travelling == "yes" :
      num = int(input("number of people"))
 for num in range( 1 , num+1):
     name = input("name")
     age = input("age")
     gender = input("gender")
     print(name)
     print(age)
     print(gender)
travelling = input("oops missed someone")

In this program we have used a while loop and inside the body of the while loop, we have incorporated a for loop.

The concepts discussed in this blog will help you understand the loops in Python. This will be very handy when you are looking to master Python and will help you make your code efficient. Python is a widely used high-level language. If you wish to check out more articles on the market’s most trending technologies like Artificial Intelligence, DevOps, Ethical Hacking, then you can refer to Edureka’s official site.

Do look out for other articles in this series which will explain the various other aspects of Python and Data Science.

1. Python Tutorial

2. Python Programming Language

3. Python Functions

4. File Handling in Python

5. Python Numpy Tutorial

6. Scikit Learn Machine Learning

7. Python Pandas Tutorial

8. Matplotlib Tutorial

9. Tkinter Tutorial

10. Requests Tutorial

11. PyGame Tutorial

12. OpenCV Tutorial

13. Web Scraping With Python

14. PyCharm Tutorial

15. Machine Learning Tutorial

16. Linear Regression Algorithm from scratch in Python

17. Python for Data Science

18. Python Projects

19. Python RegEx

20. Machine Learning Projects

21. Arrays in Python

22. Sets in Python

23. Multithreading in Python

24. Python Interview Questions

25. Java vs Python

26. How To Become A Python Developer?

27. Python Lambda Functions

28. How Netflix uses Python?

29. What is Socket Programming in Python

30. Python Database Connection

31. Golang vs Python

32. Python Seaborn Tutorial

33. Python Career Opportunities

Originally published at www.edureka.co on March 20, 2019.