The Emergence of Proactive User Interfaces

Screen-less Smart Speaker.

For this article, I’d like to note that I will be referring to Sound User Interfaces instead of Voice User Interfaces since a notification or alarm sound is not a voice experience. An interface without a screen, for example, is limited to voice, as well as certain sounds.

Back in 2018, I wrote a guide on how to design a VUI. Five years later, VUIs are more relevant and incorporated into…