Here, List of Top ten IT Companies in India.

• Tata Consultancy Services.
• Infosys.
• Wipro.
• HCL Technologies.
• Tech Mahindra.
• Larsen & Toubro Infotech.
• Mphasis.
• Mindtree.
• Oracle Financial Services.
• Hexaware Technologies.

Top 10 Pharma Company in India 2020

Here, list of Top Pharma Companies in India.

• Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
• Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd
• Divi’s Laboratories
• Cipla
• Aurobindo Pharma
• Torrent Pharmaceuticals
• Lupin Ltd
• Zydus Cadila Healthcare
• Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd
• Abbott India

Top 10 Best Paint Company in India

Here is Top Ten Paint Companies in India.

• Asian Paints Ltd
• Berger Paints India Ltd
• Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd
• Akzo Nobel India Ltd
• Shalimar Paints Ltd
• Nippon Paint India Pvt Ltd
• Snowcem Paints Ltd
• Jenson & Nicholson Ltd
• British Paints India Ltd
• Jotun India Pvt Ltd

Top 10 Private Banks in India 2020

Here, list of Best Private Bank in India.

• HDFC Bank
• ICICI Bank
• Axis Bank
• Kotak Mahindra Bank
• YES Bank
• Federal Bank
• IndusInd Bank
• RBL Bank
• IDBI Bank
• Bandhan Bank

Top 10 Real Estate Companies in India

• DLF Ltd.
• Prestige Estate.
• Omaxe Ltd.
• India bulls Real estate.
• Godrej Properties Ltd.
• Oberoi Realty.
• Brigade Enterprises Ltd.
• Sobha Ltd.
• HDIL Ltd.
• L&T Realty Ltd.

10 Best Cement Companies in India

• UltraTech Cement Ltd
• ACC Ltd
• Shree Cement Ltd
• Ambuja Cements Ltd
• JK Cement Limited
• The Ramco Cements Limited
• India Cements Ltd
• JK Laxmi Limited
• Orient Cement Ltd
• Heidelberg Cement India Ltd

Top 10 Solar Panel Manufacturers in India

Here, list of the solar energy companies in India.

• Adani solar
• Vikram Solar Private Limited
• Tata Power Solar
• Waaree Energies Limited
• EMMVEE Solar Technology
• RenewSys India Private Limited
• Moser Baer Solar Limited
• Loom Solar
• XL Energy Limited
• HHV Solar Technologies Private Limited

Top 10 Best Plywood Brands in India

Here, list of Top 10 Plywood Brands in India.

• Century Ply Laminates
• Greenply Industries Limited
• Samrat Plywood Limited
• Alishan Plywood
• Kitply Plywood
• Bansal Sales Corporation Pvt. Ltd.
• National Plywood Industries Limited
• Indiana plywood industries
• Woodstock Laminates Ltd.
• Crownply Plywoods

Here, a list of top solar companies in india.

1. Vikram Solar Private Limited

2. Tata Power Solar

3. Waaree Energies Limited

4. EMMVEE Solar Technology

5. Alpex Exports Pvt. Limited

6. RenewSys India Private Limited

7. Moser Baer Solar Limited

8. HHV Solar Technologies Private Limited

9. XL Energy Limited

10. Lanco Solar Private Limited

11. Adani solar

12. Patanjali Renewable Energy Pvt Ltd

13. Navitas Green energy

14. Satvik green energy

15. Indo Solar

16. Goldi Green Solar

17. Loom Solar

18. Canadian Solar

19. REC Solar

20. Jinko Solar

21. Trina Solar

In some cases, you can pour a monolithic slab foundation yourself, meaning they are a great option for smaller structures such as sheds or mother-in-law construction (although if in doubt, hire a professional).

Amount of water added in cement to penetrate the Vicat plunger up to a depth of 5–7mm from the bottom of the Vicat mold or 33–35mm from top of the Vicat Mould.

Significance:-

When water is mixed with cement, it starts hydration. Excessive addition of water in cement results in an increase in Water cement ratio & ultimately cement loses its strength when it hardens. If Less water is added than required, Cement isn’t properly hydrated and results in loss of strength.

The Standard or Normal consistency for Ordinary Portland cement varies between 25–35%.

To prepare a mix of cement paste of Standard consistency 25–35% of water is added to the cement.

To explain in detail Let us assume a standard consistency is 30%.
Take 400g of Cement for this quantity, Add 30% of Water. i.e., 120g of water content is added in cement to attain standard consistency.

We all know that on mixing cement with sand, stone/aggregates and water, a paste will form which can be used to bind the building materials together. This paste is also called as concrete. The strength of this concrete mix is determined by the proportion on which these cement, sand, stones or aggregates are mixed. There are various grades of concrete available in the market based on these ratios.

Concrete mix ratios Some of them are M10, M20, M30, M35, etc. So, what really does M10 or M20 mean or represent.

“M” stands for “mix”. The mix represents concrete with designated proportions of cement, sand, and aggregate. And the number following “M” represents the compressive strength of that concrete mix in N/mm2 after 28 days. For example, for the M20 grade of concrete mix, its compressive strength after 28 days should be 20 N/mm2.

The chain survey is the simplest method of surveying. In the chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation, etc. are done in the office. Here only linear measurements are made i.e. no angular measurements are made. This is most suitably adapted to small plane areas with very few details. If carefully done, it gives quite accurate results.

The necessary requirements for fieldwork are

• Chain
• Tape
• Ranging-Rod
• Arrows
• Cross staff

Suitability of Chain Survey

Chain survey is suitable in the following cases:

1. The area to be surveyed is comparatively small
2. The ground is fairly level
3. The area is open and
4. Details to be filled up are simple and less.

Survey Station

Survey stations are of two kinds

1. Main Stations
2. Subsidiary or tie

Main Stations

Main stations are the end of the lines, which command the boundaries of the survey, and the lines joining the main stations recalled the main survey line or the chain lines.

Subsidiary or the tie stations

Subsidiary or the tie stations are the points selected on the main survey lines, where it is necessary to locate the interior detail such as fences, hedges, building etc.

Tie or subsidiary lines

A tie line joints two fixed points on the main survey lines. It helps to check the accuracy of surveying and to locate the interior details. The position of each tie line should be close to some features, such as paths, building etc.

Base Lines

It is the main and longest line, which passes approximately through the center of the field. All the other measurements to show the details of the work are taken with respect to this line.

Check Line

A check-line also termed as a proof-line is a line joining the apex of a triangle to some fixed points on any two sides of a triangle. A check-line is measured to check the accuracy of the framework. The length of a checking line, as measured on the ground should agree with its length on the plan.

The survival of any business heavily depends on the success of commercial management. When it comes to commercial management in the construction industry, the Bill of Quantities (BOQ) is the term that brings the attention of every construction professionals and stakeholder.

It is one of the communication tools which connects the parties (Client, consultant & contractor) of the construction project. Keith defines, BOQ is a schedule which categories, details and quantifies the materials and other cost items to be used in a construction project. It is important to know that, direct costs & indirect costs are to be considered for the complete cost of the project which is covered in different parts of the BOQ.

Generally, BOQ is in tabular form which contents description, unit, quantity, rate & amount in different columns.

The description column provides a brief explanation of what to be done. For example, in the first item, the 32mm diameter CPVC pipes should be laid for cold water services in 20 bar operating pressure. Specification & drawings are other two important items to be analyzed in detail for clear understanding. Here the term engineer means the consultant for the project.

THE IMPORTANCE OF BOQ

BOQ shall be used in every phase (pre-contract & post-contract) of the project but the need of BOQ differs based on different contract agreements & projects. The major usages are listed below.

1. It provides a basic idea of the project by giving the quantities to tenderers.
2. It defines the extent of the work. (But it should be identified in line with drawings & specification as well).
3. It gives an estimated or anticipated contract sum. (very important to the client)
4. It provides a basis for the valuation of variation. (Variation is to be discussed in detail).

Definition

Traversing is the type of survey in which a number of connected survey lines form the framework and the directions and lengths of the survey lines are measured with the help of an angle measuring instrument and tape or chain respectively.

Types of Surveying

There are two types of traverse surveying. They are:

1. Closed traverse: When the lines form a circuit that ends at the starting point, it is known as a closed traverse.
2. Open traverse: When the lines form a circuit ends elsewhere except the starting point, it is said to be an open traverse.

Suitability

The closed traverse is suitable for locating the boundaries of lakes, woods, etc and for a survey of large areas. the open traverse is suitable for surveying a long narrow strip of land as required for a road of the canal or the coastline.

Methods of Traversing

There are several methods of traversing, depending on the instruments used in determining the relative directions of the traverse lines. The following are the principal methods:

1. Chain traversing
2. Chain and compass traversing
3. Transit type traversing a)By fast needle method b)By measurement of angles between the lines
4. Plane table traversing