Cancer in Firefighters

Exposure to hazardous chemicals and smoke inhalation are just a couple of the risk factors that may contribute to the increased rates of cancer among firefighters across the country. It’s an issue that has received little attention, but awareness is increasing. Medical and community organizations are working to make sure that firefighters on active duty have the tools they need to lower their risk as well as the medical resources to identify risk factors and signs of cancer and get necessary treatment as early as possible. Are you protected?

The Research

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is currently working on a large-scale study that addresses the limited knowledge we have about the depth and severity of different cancers that threaten firefighters due to the nature of the job. The initial stages of the study found that urinary, digestive, and respiratory cancers drove the higher rates of cancer among firefighters participating in the study. Additionally, it was determined that the rate of mesothelioma was twice as high as compared to the general population, an issue likely caused by exposure to asbestos.

Every quarter, a new newsletter is released on the progress of the study, detailing new findings. Phase I of the study is now complete, and findings of increased rates of certain cancers among firefighters have been supported by similar studies conducted among firefighters in Nordic countries.

Phase II is in the works now and defined by a focus on “dose-response,” or the health consequences among firefighters who have higher or lower exposure to cancer-causing agents commonly encountered during firefighting. Using employment history and department records, they are attempting to determine firefighter exposure since it is impossible to identify a “true” dose.

The good news is that the conversation about cancer among firefighters is continuing on every level, and scientists are working to help ensure that we know everything possible to lower risk and decrease rates of cancer among firefighters going forward.

How Can Firefighters Reduce Their Cancer Risk?

Many firefighter organizations, including the National Fallen Firefighter Foundation, are well aware of the risk of cancer among firefighters. They are taking action to help increase awareness and help firefighters to limit their risk now. Some recommendations include:

• Improving diet (e.g., healthy variety of vegetables and lean proteins; no trans fat; limited fried foods, sugar, and saturated fats, etc.)
• Focusing on physical conditioning including cardiovascular exercise and weight-bearing exercise
• Maintaining personal protective equipment — and using it every time
• Quitting smoking
• Getting regular medical checkups and screenings

One of Many

The increased risk of cancer is one of many occupational hazards faced by firefighters on the job. Others include increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, obesity and related health issues, suicidal thoughts, depression and more. Regular checkups — both for positive physical and mental health — are recommended. Early identification of problems can lead to early treatment, which improves the chance of a positive outcome and increased function on the job and at home.

This article was originally published by Michael Blackburn, retired Providence Fire Department Battalion Chief and senior VP of Business Development at American Addiction Centers, on LinkedIn.