What is genitourinary syndrome of menopause?

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is a relatively new term to describe a collection of symptoms such as vaginal dryness, pain during sex, and uncomfortable urination.

Around 50 years old, most women will hit menopause, the point in time 12 months after the last period. Leading up to and after menopause, reproductive function slows down and the body produces less estrogen.

In addition to symptoms like hot flashes and weight gain, menopause may cause uncomfortable symptoms in the genitourinary tract, which is the system of organs involved in urine production and reproduction.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause or GSM is the term used to describe this group of symptoms that affect the genitourinary tract.

These symptoms may include vaginal dryness, discomfort during sex, and increased urinary tract infections.

GSM is a relatively new term that was first introduced in 2014. Before then, the terms vulvovaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis were used to describe the appearance of the vagina around menopause. However, these terms did not encompass the full range of symptoms, including the urinary symptoms, that can affect women leading up to or after menopause.

About half of postmenopausal women experience GSM, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians.

What are the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause or GSM?

The symptoms of GSM can be divided into vaginal symptoms, sexual symptoms, and urinary symptoms.

Women with GSM may experience vaginal dryness, which can cause discomfort, itching, irritation, and in some cases, bleeding or pain.

Because of the dryness and lack of lubrication, sex may be uncomfortable or painful, a condition known as dyspareunia.

GSM also affects the urinary tract, causing symptoms like dysuria (a burning or painful feeling while peeing), needing to use the bathroom more often, and more frequent urinary tract infections.

These symptoms are usually progressive, meaning they worsen over time, causing more and more discomfort.

How is GSM treated?

While GSM has no cure, doctors may prescribe advice and treatment that could provide relief.

Using lubricants during sex can help reduce discomfort, while vaginal moisturizers can reduce dryness.

Hormonal therapy may also ease symptoms by increasing estrogen levels. This may take the form of local estrogen products like estrogen cream that can be applied to the vulva. Oral estrogen, usually taken to help treat other menopause symptoms, may also help with GSM.

GSM can be hard for some people to discuss with their doctors, and vice versa. However, the symptoms are completely normal and are common during menopause.

If you’re experiencing any of the above symptoms, being open with your doctor can help you get the treatment you need.

Moreover, the earlier a doctor can detect GSM, the better.

It can be difficult to experience the bodily changes and symptoms that come with the transition into menopause. But remember that you are not alone and doctors are here to help.

Alpha can help address your menopause symptoms, whether you’re past menopause or in perimenopause — the phase of symptoms leading up to menopause.

Our providers can prescribe menopausal hormones, sleep medication, and other treatment to help with menopause symptoms. To learn more, check out our website today!