The 9 best biological buffers for electrophoresis
forward from: http://www.hopaxfc.com/en
Biological buffers are an essential part of electrophoresis techniques. They are usually added to solutions in order to make the pH stable while a current is carried through the sample. Additionally, buffers provide the ions necessary for electrophoretic migration.
The ideal buffer for electrophoresis depends on the isoelectric point (the pH at which a particular molecule carries no net electrical charge) of the sample being analyzed.
Although pre-made buffer solutions for electrophoresis are available in the market (especially Tris based buffers — TAE, TBE, etc), it is possible to make your own solutions using some of Hopax’s biological buffers.
We created a list of Hopax’s buffers often used in electrophoresis and added links to some academic references to help you choosing the best option for your research.
Used in: Gel electrophoresis (TAE or TBE solutions)
Useful pH range: 7.5–9.0
pKa (25°C): 7.8–8.2
Molecular weight: 121.14
Specifications / Price: Click here
Useful references:
- Sanderson, B. A., Araki N., Lilley J. L., Guerrero G., & Lewis L. K. (2014). Modification of gel architecture and TBE/TAE buffer composition to minimize heating during agarose gel electrophoresis. Analytical Biochemistry, Volume 454, Pages 44–52. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000326971400092X
- Booker, C. J., Sun, S., Woolsey, S., Mejia, J. S., & Yeung K. K. C. (2011). Removal of sample background buffering ions and myoglobin enrichment via a pH junction created by discontinuous buffers in capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 1218, Issue 33, Pages 5705–5711. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967311008697
Used in: Gel electrophoresis
Useful pH range: 6.5–7.9
pKa (25°C): 7.0–7.4
Molecular weight: 209.3
Useful reference:
- Mansour, F.H. & Pestov D. G. (2014). Separation of long RNA by agarose-formaldehyde gel electrophoresis. Analytical Biochemistry, Volume 441, Issue 1, Pages 18–20. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003269713002844?via%3Dihub
Used in: Gel electrophoresis
Useful pH range: 5.8–7.2
pKa (25°C): 6.3–6.7
Molecular weight: 209.2
Useful references:
- Nijtmans, L. G., Henderson, N. S., & Holt, I. J. (2002). Blue Native electrophoresis to study mitochondrial and other protein complexes. Methods, 26(4), 327–334. Available in http://win.molecularlab.it/public/data/valeriamassa/2007124181837_bn-page.pdf
- Silva, J. M. & McMahon, M. (2014). The Fastest Western in Town: A Contemporary Twist on the Classic Western Blot Analysis. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (84) Available in https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4028330/
Read more about Hopax Bis-Tris
Used in: Capillary electrophoresis / Gel electrophoresis
Useful pH range: 6.1–7.5
pKa (25°C)1: 6.6–7.0
Molecular weight: 182.2
Useful references:
- Hamoudová, R., & Pospíšilová, M. (2006). Determination of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen in pharmaceuticals by capillary zone electrophoresis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41(4), 1463–1467. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0731708506002792#!
- Liu, Q., Li, X., & Sommer, S. S. (1999). pK-matched running buffers for gel electrophoresis. Analytical Biochemistry, 270(1), 112–122. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003269799940642?via%3Dihub
Used in: Gel electrophoresis
Useful pH range: 7.6–9.0
pKa (25°C): 8.1–8.5
Molecular weight: 163.2
Useful references:
- Williams, T. I., Combs, J. C., Thakur, A. P., Strobel, H. J., & Lynn, B. C. (2006). A novel Bicine running buffer system for doubled sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins. Electrophoresis, 27(14), 2984–2995. Available in https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/elps.200500730
- Klafki, H., Wiltfang, J., & Staufenbiel, M. (1996). Electrophoretic Separation of βA4 Peptides (1–40) and (1–42). Analytical Biochemistry, Volume 237, Issue 1, 15, Pages 24–29. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003269796901955?via%3Dihub
Used in: Capillary electrophoresis
Useful pH range: 9.7–11.1
pKa (25°C): 10.2–10.6
Molecular weight: 221.32
Useful references:
- Prange, A., & Schaumlöffel, D. (1999). Determination of element species at trace levels using capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 14(9), 1329–1332. Available in http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1999/ja/a901749f#!divAbstract
- Nguyen A., Luong J. H. T. & Masson C. (1990). Capillary Electrophoresis for Detection and Quantitation of Domoic Acid in Mussels. Analytical Letters, 23:9, 1621–1634. Available in https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00032719008052513
Used in: Gel electrophoresis
Useful pH range: 8.9–10.3
pKa (25°C): 9.4–9.8
Molecular weight: 237.32
Useful references:
- Liu, Q., Li, X., & Sommer, S. S. (1999). pK-matched running buffers for gel electrophoresis. Analytical Biochemistry, 270(1), 112–122. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003269799940642?via%3Dihub
- Madej, K., Woźniakiewicz M., & Karabinowska K. (2012). Capillary electrophoresis screening method for six tricyclic antidepressants in human serum. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica — Drug Research, Vol. 69 №6 pp. 1023–1029. Available in http://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2012/6/1023.pdf
Used in: Capillary electrophoresis
Useful pH range: 8.6–10.0
pKa (25°C): 9.3–9.7
Molecular weight: 207.3
Useful references:
- Lavigne, V., Pons, A., & Dubourdieu, D. (2007). Assay of glutathione in must and wines using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection: changes in concentration in dry white wines during alcoholic fermentation and aging. Journal of Chromatography A, 1139(1), 130–135. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967306020954#!
- Cunliffe, J. M., Baryla, N. E., & Lucy, C. A. (2002). Phospholipid bilayer coatings for the separation of proteins in capillary electrophoresis. Analytical Chemistry, 74(4), 776–783. Available in https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a4d0/7e21f0ec4652b4eab396b53c1d836290390d.pdf
Used in: Gel electrophoresis
Useful pH range: 7.4–8.8
pKa (25°C): 8.0–8.3
Molecular weight: 179.2
Useful references:
- Liu, Q., Li, X., & Sommer, S. S. (1999). pK-matched running buffers for gel electrophoresis. Analytical Biochemistry, 270(1), 112–122. Available in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003269799940642?via%3Dihub
- Monthony, J. F., Wallace, E. G., & Allen, D. M. (1978). A non-barbital buffer for immunoelectrophoresis and zone electrophoresis in agarose gels. Clinical Chemistry, 24(10), 1825–1827. Available in http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/clinchem/24/10/1825.full.pdf
Hopax Biological Buffers
Hopax Fine Chemicals is among the largest manufacturers of biological buffers in the world. Our products are shipped daily to top research centers and biotech companies in Europe, America and Asia.
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- 30 buffers straight from our manufacturing sites
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