How Does Antifreeze Work?
When water freezes, H2O molecules surrender heat and become less active. Molecules stop moving around freely and settle into a solid formation. Scientists refer to this formation as a crystal lattice.
However, when antifreeze is added to water, it prevents the H2O molecules from forming crystal lattices. Therefore, antifreeze stops water from freezing until the temperature drops well below 0°C. Freezing is delayed by the interference between the two liquids. This prevents engine damage.
The Antifreeze Theory
During the nineteenth century, French scientist Francois Raoult concluded that the freezing point of water lowers in correlation with the number of molecules dissolved in the water.
In theory, anything that dissolves in water will reduce the freezing temperature. However, we use antifreeze in vehicles because it:
- Doesn’t crystallise at low temperatures
- Is inert
- Doesn’t chemically react with anything in the cooling system
- Has a high boiling point as it doesn’t build up pressure
Water has a boiling point of 100°C and a freezing point of 0°C. When mixed in a 50/50 ratio with antifreeze, it has a boiling point of 106°C and a freezing point of -37°C. With a 70/30 ratio, the coolant boiling point rises to 113°C and the freezing point drops to -55°C.
Find out how antifreeze is manufactured here.
The Antifreeze Journey
Engine Coolant is pumped through the engine, where it absorbs heat. As it passes through the radiator, it dissipates heat to the outside air. Antifreeze travels around the engine continuously. When it is old or contaminated, it needs to be replaced — usually around once every two years.
Find out how to recycle old antifreeze here.
Read up on antifreeze expiry here.
Follow these simple steps to replace your antifreeze.
Stock up on Antifreeze
To find engine coolant best suited to your vehicle, search your reg plate in our car lookup tool.
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