Google PaLM2 : Next Generation Language Model

Batuhan Celen
IBTech
Published in
3 min readMay 25, 2023

At Google I/O 2023, Google finally unveiled PaLM 2, its latest general-purpose large language model.They explained that PaLM 2 is a state-of-the-art language model. First version of PaLM was trained on 540 billion parameters, making it one of the largest LLMs around. However, in 2023,
Google came up with PaLM 2, which is much smaller in size, but it’s faster and more efficient than predecessor

What Is Google PaLM2 ?
PaLM 2 is state-of-the-art Language Model. According to Google The Model is really different than anything that they have built before. PaLM 2 is very good at math, at code, at advanced reasoning and multilingual tasks like translation. PaLM 2 was trained on around 100 spoken languages and over
20 programming languages.

Evaluation
For exams, they focus on standard language proficiency exams that allow us to assess PaLM 2’s competence in a number of languages. On academic benchmarks, they evaluate PaLM 2’s performance on six high-level categories of tasks that exemplify core capabilities and applications of
LLMs: classification and question answering, reasoning, coding, translation and natural language generation .

They evaluate PaLM 2’s performance on exams designed for humans as well as standard academic machine learning benchmarks.

PaLM and PaLM 2 exam score on the latest available professional language proficiency exams. Source: Google’s PaLM 2 Technical Paper

As you can see in the graphic performance of PaLM 2 is much better than PaLM on the latest available professional language proficiency exams. They used exams for each language to test a C2 (mastery or advanced professional) level proficiency following the CEFR definition.

What Can PaLM 2 Do ?
At I/O, they announced over 25 new products and features powered by PaLM 2. Such as Bard ,PaLM API, Google Workspace, etc.PaLM 2 brings to Bard AI , which is competitor of GPT-4, support over 20 programming languages. As a result Bard AI chatbot now modify and debug code programming languages you just have to prompt your instructions in any languages.PaLM 2 has been built to make it adaptable for different use cases. Google announced that PaLM 2 will come in four different models Gecko, Otter, Bison, and Unicorn; Gecko being the smallest and Unicorn being the largest So what can PaLM 2 do ?

Multilinguality
As mentioned before, PaLM 2 heavily trained on multilingual text, sapnning more 100 languages. One of the most important improved ability is the understanding idioms, riddle and poems and convert them to other languages. It can also explaining jokes, explaining translation ambiguities multingual.

Example of explaining jokes puns and haikus in Japanese.Source: Google’s PaLM 2 Technical Paper
Examples of Explaining translations and idioms.Source: Google’s PaLM 2 Technical Paper

Coding
PaLM 2 also understands, generates and debugs code and was pretrained on more than 20 programming languages. This means that it excels at popular programming languages like Python and JavaScript, but can also generate specialized code in languages like Prolog, Fortran and Verilog.

Example of PaLM 2 designing a simple webpage.Source: Google’s PaLM 2 Technical Paper
Example of fixing a bug line by line comments in Korean.Source: Google’s PaLM 2 Technical Paper

Reasoning
PaLM 2 is very good at common sense reasoning. PaLM 2 outperforms PaLM across all datasets and achieves results competitive with GPT-4

Evulation of reasoning tasks.Source: Google’s PaLM 2 Technical Paper

Conculision
PaLM 2 is more efficient and faster than predecessor PaLM. Google said that gecko can use on smartphones. It seems that PaLM will make name for itself more in the future with this speed and wide usage area.

Thanks for reading :)

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