HUMANOIDS-FUTURE OF AI?

Turing changed history for the second time with a simple question: “Can machines think?” Less than a decade after unlocking the Nazi encryption machine Enigma and helping the Allies win World War II, mathematician Turing changed history once more with a simple question: “Can machines think?”

The essential purpose and vision of AI were outlined by Turing’s work “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” (1950) and the Turing Test that followed.

At its essence, AI is the branch of the computer that tries to affirmatively answer Turing’s question. It is the goal of artificial intelligence researchers to replicate or reproduce human intellect in robots.

“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a computing subfield concerned with creating intelligent computer systems or systems that display qualities associated with intelligence in human behaviour, such as language comprehension, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and so on.” — (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981)

Different approaches defining the field of AI:

Thinking humanly

Thinking rationally

Acting humanly

Acting rationally

ROBOTICS:

Robotics is a multidisciplinary field that combines engineering and computers. 1st Robotics is the study of the design, manufacture, operation, and use of robots. Robotics aims to create devices that can support and benefit humans. Robotics is the study of creating devices that can take the place of humans and mimic their actions. A humanoid robot is one whose body is designed to mirror a human’s physical body. The design could be for utilitarian goals, such as engaging with human tools and settings, or for experimental objectives, such as studying bipedal walking. Humanoid robots have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs in general.

PURPOSE

Humanoid robots are being created to undertake human functions such as personal assistance, such as assisting the sick and aged, as well as unclean or dangerous vocations. Humanoids are also suited for a few procedurally-based jobs, such as receptionists and assembly line workers in the automotive industry.

SENSORS

A sensor is a device that measures a planet’s characteristics. Sensing, as one of the three primitives of robotics (together with planning and control), is critical in robotic paradigms.

Proprioceptive perception

Proprioceptive sensors detect the humanoid’s body and joints’ position, orientation, and thus speed.

Extrasensory perception Arrays of tactels are frequently used to collect information about what has been touched. Each fingertip of the Shadow Hand has an array of 34 tactels arrayed beneath its polyurethane skin. Tactile sensors also offer data on the forces and torques that the robot transfers to other objects.

The term “vision” refers to the processing of input from any modality that use the spectrum to create a visual image.

Vision sensors work in the same way as people’s eyes do. CCD cameras are used as visual sensors by the majority of humanoid robots.

Humanoid robots using sound sensors can listen to speech and surrounding sounds and conduct tasks as if they were a person’s ears. This is normally done with a microphone.

ACTUATORS

Actuators are devices that control the flow of information. Actuators are the motors that allow the robot to move.

Humanoid robots are built to resemble the human body, using actuators that behave like muscles and joints but with a unique structure. Humanoid robots mostly employ rotational actuators to accomplish the same effect as humans. They can be either electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, piezoelectric or ultrasonic.

CONTROLS AND PLANNING

The main difference between humanoids and other types of robots (such as industrial ones) in terms of planning and control is that humanoids must walk in a human-like manner, using legged locomotion, particularly biped gait. Because it does within the physical body, the best design for humanoid movements during typical walking should result in little energy usage.