Proving The Prophethood of Muhammad (ﷺ)
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was born in Mecca in 570 AD his father died before his born and his mother died when he was six years old so his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib took care of him for a while he passed away so his uncle Abu Talib became his guardian.
He gets married Khadeejah bint Khuwaylid when he was 25 years old and become a prophet in 610 AD when he reached 40 years old so he started inviting people to Islam in secret for 3 years until Allah (The True Creator) commanded him to start inviting people to Islam in Mecca publicly.
Many people rejected him and when the harm to him intensified, Allah commanded him to migrate to Medina after staying 13 years preaching Islam in Mecca. The people of Medina happily welcomed him and Islam start growing much more and faster.
Since the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) is the last messenger who sent for all mankind, he must have evidence that people can verify to conclude that he is a Prophet, and among the evidence that he has is knowing the unseen future revealed to him by Allah and other knowledge that no human being who lived in that era could know.
I’ve gathered tens of proofs to show the reader that Muhammad (ﷺ) was a true Prophet and I’ve separated these proofs into four major parts which are:
1- Prophecies From The Qur’an & Hadith
2- Historical Facts From The Qur’an & Hadith
3- Scientific Facts From The Qur’an & Hadith
4- Rational Proofs From The Qur’an & Hadith
Note: There are many different translations of the Qur’an from Arabic to English and I’ve used Saheeh International since it is the most used one among others.
1- Prophecies From The Qur’an & Hadith
1.1- Preservation of The Qur’an
The Qur’an is the word of Allah that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) over the 23 years in his Dawah (inviting people to Islam) and he was reciting it to his companions (Sahabah) so they remember it and also writes it in anything they could find.
Allah promised us to preserve this revelation which we can read in Qur’an [15:9] [It is certainly We Who have revealed the Reminder, and it is certainly We Who will preserve it.]
The word Reminder refers to the Qur’an and we have today many manuscripts that are dated back to the first century of Hegira which is the year the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) migrated to Medina and they are the same as the Qur’an we have today.
References
https://quran.com/15/9
https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/text/mss/hijazi
1.2- Back To Mecca
An exciting prophecy revealed to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in Qur’an [28:85] [Most certainly, the One Who has ordained the Quran for you will ˹ultimately˺ bring you back home ˹to Mecca˺.]
This prophecy was revealed while he was on the way toward Medina telling him that he will be back to Mecca in the future and it happens after 8 years after the conquest of Mecca.
References
https://quran.com/28/85
https://www.islamicfinder.org/knowledge/islam-and-sunnah/conquest-of-makkah/
1.3- Winning The Battle of Badr
Before the Battle of Badr, a verse revealed to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) stating that they will win the Battle mentioned in Qur’an [54:45] [˹Soon˺ their united front will be defeated and ˹forced to˺ flee.]
On the day of the battle of Badr, the Prophet (ﷺ) said [“O Allah! I appeal to You (to fulfill) Your Covenant and Promise. O Allah! If Your Will is that none should worship You (then give victory to the pagans).” Then Abu Bakr took hold of him by the hand and said, “This is sufficient for you.” The Prophet came out saying, “Their multitude will be put to flight and they will show their backs.” (54.45)]
The prophecy has been fulfilled while the number of Muslims was less a lot than the number of their enemy as Allah said in Qur’an [3:123] [Indeed, Allah made you victorious at Badr when you were ˹vastly˺ outnumbered.]
References
https://quran.com/54/45
https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3953
https://www.islamicfinder.org/knowledge/islam-and-sunnah/battle-of-badr-ghazwah-badr/
1.4- Spreading of Islam
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said [Allah drew the ends of the world near one another for my sake. And I have seen its eastern and western ends. And the dominion of my Ummah would reach those ends which have been drawn near me]
The word Ummah (Arabic Word) means nation and it talks about the spreading of Islam all over the world which is what we see today it is the most growing religion compared to others and all countries in the world have Muslim citizens nowadays.
References
https://sunnah.com/muslim:2889a
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050/
https://quran.com/48/28
1.5- Skyscraper
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) used to mention to his companions the signs of the Hour, and he mentioned among them that the barefooted, destitute goat-herds (Arabs) will be competing in buildings [that you will find barefooted, destitute goat-herds vying with one another in the construction of magnificent buildings.]
The tallest building in the world is Burj Khalifa in Dubai which is 828 meters tall and Jeddah Tower in Saudi Arabia will get taller to become a 1-kilometer building in tall in the next few years which indicated that Arabs are competing to build the tallest building in the world.
References
https://sunnah.com/muslim:8a
https://www.webuildvalue.com/en/infrastructure/the-jeddah-tower-saudi-arabia-aims-for-the-sky.html
1.6- Land of Hijaz Volcano
Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “The Hour will not be established till a fire will come out of the land of Hijaz, and it will throw light on the necks of the camels at Busra.” meaning its light reaches the camels that are in Busra, therefore, people who live there can see it.
The land of Hijaz is a region in Saudi Arabia bordering on the Red Sea and containing the two Islamic holy cities of Medina and Mecca and Busra is located in the South of Syria.
After more than 600 years of this claim, the prophecy has been fulfilled with all of its details in 1256 AD and a massive volcanic eruption happened in Medina which is located in the land of Hijaz, and lasted for 52 days and around 500 million cubic meters of lava poured from six vents.
قال النووي: (خرجت في زماننا نار بالمدينة سنة أربع وخمسين وستمائة, وكانت ناراً عظيمة جداً من جنب المدينة الشرقي وراء الحرة، تواتر العلم بها عند جميع الشام وسائر البلدان، وأخبرني من حضرها من أهل المدينة)
Al-Nawawi said: (In our time, a fire broke out in Madinah in the year six hundred and fifty-four, and it was a very great fire from the eastern side of Madinah behind Al-Harrah. Knowledge of it was frequent among all the Levant and all countries, and those who attended it told me from the people of Madinah)
The year six hundred and fifty-four (654 A.H) is after Heigra which will be in 1256 AD when this incident happened.
References
https://sunnah.com/bukhari:7118
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144471/living-on-lava
https://shamela.ws/book/38058/1692
1.7- Conquest of Jerusalem
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said (Count six signs that indicate the approach of the Hour: my death, the conquest of Jerusalem, a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep, the increase of wealth to such an extent that even if one is given one hundred Dinars, he will not be satisfied; then an affliction which no Arab house will escape, and then a truce between you and Bani Al-Asfar (i.e. the Byzantines) who will betray you and attack you under eighty flags. Under each flag will be twelve thousand soldiers)
The first thing that happened was the death of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in 632 AD then after 5 years in the period of the third caliper Umar ibn Al-Khattab, Muslims conquered Jerusalem which was under the Byzantine.
The hadith mentioned many other prophecies so let’s talk about the next one which is referred to as a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep which indeed happened in 638 AD known as the Plague of Amwas.
At the time of the third caliphate Uthman ibn Affan, the Islamic state expanded to many other places such as Turkey, Murrow, Cyprus, Arica, and more which made a lot of wealth for the Muslim state and Muslims.
Then an affliction that no Arab house will escape happened after the assassination of the Caliph Uthman in 656 AD and chaos was widespread throughout the entirety of the Arabia peninsula which led to a war and a lot of killed people.
The sixth one which is a truce between you and Bani Al-Asfar will happen in the future in the end time as many hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) mentioned it.
References
https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3176
https://www.islamicfinder.org/knowledge/biography/story-of-umar-ibn-alkhattab-ra/
https://muslimsunrise.com/2020/07/30/the-plague-of-amwas/
https://www.islamicfinder.org/knowledge/biography/story-of-uthman-ibn-affan-ra/
1.8- The Byzantine Victory
In the era of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) there were two great powers, namely the Roman and Persian empires, and a fight occurred between them in 613 AD, and the latter entered Jerusalem in the year 614 AD and won and took it from the Roman Empire.
This news reached the polytheists of Quraysh, and they rejoiced greatly because the Persians were polytheists like them and dared against the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and his companions, and that they would defeat them as the Persians defeated the Romans.
Allah revealed these verses after this incident which we can read in the Qur’an [30:2–4] [The Byzantines have been defeated In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome Within three to nine years.]
After 8 years, the prophecy have been fulfilled and the Romans defeated the Persians they start taking back their lands in 622 AD and all the circumstances pointed to the demise of the Roman Empire to the point that the historian Edward Gibbon mentioned in his book “History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” about this prophecy:
At the time when this prediction is said to have been delivered, no prophecy could be more distant from its accomplishment, since the first twelve years of Heraclius announced the approaching dissolution of the empire.
Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, p.1904
It is a very risky prophecy that comes true at a specific time when no one would expect it would happen because all of the signs indicate the Roman empire will disappear from existence.
References
http://www.roman-emperors.org/heraclis.htm
https://quran.com/30/
Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, p.1904
“Nor does he speak from [his own] inclination. It is not but a revelation revealed.” Qur’an(53:3–4)
2- Historical Facts From The Qur’an & Hadith
2.1- King & Pharaoh
There is a whole chapter in the Qur’an that talks about the Prophet Joseph's story and the ruler of Egypt was called king in that chapter like this verse in the Qur’an [12:54] [The King said, “Bring him to me. I will employ him exclusively in my service.” And when Joseph spoke to him, the King said, “Today you are highly esteemed and fully trusted by us.”]
Another Prophet lived also in Egypt comes a long time after him who is Moses his story is mentioned in many chapters of the Qur’an but the ruler of his time was called Pharaoh, not king as it was in the time of Joseph like this verse for example in the Qur’an [7:104] [And Moses said, “O Pharaoh! I am truly a messenger from the Lord of all worlds,)]
Most people when hearing the word Pharaoh, the first thing came to their mind is the ruler title in ancient Egypt but it means “Great house” and it refers to the royal palace of the ancient Egypt ruler. This word started to be used as a title for the Egyptian ruler later in the New Kingdom which falls between 1539–1292 BC.
The Prophet Moses historically was living in the period of the New Kingdom while the Prophet Joseph was living before him a long time ago and the Qur’an was accurate in using these titles for the Egyptian ruler according to the time of that Prophet.
The book of Genesis makes a big mistake by calling the ruler of Egypt pharaoh at the time of the Prophet Joseph which we can read in Genesis [41:14] [So Pharaoh sent for Joseph] and it was like calling George Washington a king while he was a president.
References
https://quran.com/12/54
https://quran.com/7/104
https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/contrad/external/josephdetail
https://www.britannica.com/topic/pharaoh
https://biblehub.com/genesis/41-14.htm
2.2- The Exodus Pharaoh
Pi-Ramesse was the capital of Egypt during the reign of Ramesses II founded by him and it was the Venice of Egypt at that time there are many statues under which a river of those dazzling industrial rivers flows.
Allah mentioned these rivers in the Qur’an [43:51] [And Pharaoh called out among his people; he said, “O my people, does not the kingdom of Egypt belong to me, and these rivers flowing beneath me; then do you not see?]
References
https://www.artefacts-berlin.de/portfolio-item/the-reconstruction-of-pi-ramesse/
https://quran.com/43/51
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Hebrew-prophet/Moses-and-Pharaoh
2.3- Pharaoh Magicians
Moses was one of the prophets who have been sent to the pharaoh with his brother Aaron and one of his miracles is turning his rob into a snake. Pharaoh collects his magician to challenge him which we can read in the Qur’an [7:116] [He said, “Throw,” and when they threw, they bewitched the eyes of the people and struck terror into them, and they presented a great [feat of] magic.]
St. Clement of Alexandria who lived in the third century before the council of Nicaea and was a Christian Apologist and missionary theologian disagreed with the Exodus statement that the Pharaoh's magicians turn the rob into a real snake and said in his speech about Simon the magician:
In what respect did the Egyptians sin in not believing Moses, since the magicians wrought like signs, even although they were done rather in appearance than in truth? … For I should not have thought it likely that the same things could be effected by magicians, even in appearance, which he who was sent by God performed.
Ante Nicene Fathers, Vol.8, p.210, Recognitions of Clement
The Qur’an was accurate in using the expression “they bewitched the eyes of the people” because the magicians can’t convert the rob into a real snake and the Qur’an correct what the old testament said in the Exodus [7:12] [Each one threw down his staff and it became a snake. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up their staff.]
References
https://quran.com/7/116
https://biblehub.com/exodus/7-12.htm
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clement-of-Alexandria
Ante Nicene Fathers, Vol.8, p.210, Recognitions of Clement
2.4- Pharaoh Claim Divinity
The pharaoh Ramses II who lived in the time of Moses was a tyrant and arrogant so much so that he claimed divinity as we can read in the Qur’an [79:24] [And said, “I am your most exalted lord.”]
Ramses II claimed divinity like all the previous pharaohs and that’s why it is important to differentiate the ruler's name in the time of the two prophets Moses and Joseph since kings never claimed divinity.
References
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Hebrew-prophet/Moses-and-Pharaoh
https://quran.com/79/24
2.5- Ancient Egyptian Deities
People in ancient Egypt used to worship many deities and the pharaoh was also performing some rituals to these deities believing that the world would be in harmony and to assure bountiful crops.
Allah said in the Qur’an [7:127] [And the eminent among the people of Pharaoh said, “Will you leave Moses and his people to cause corruption in the land and abandon you and your gods?]
The gods and goddesses they worshiped were the centers of religion back then in ancient Egypt, and each one of them was responsible for a specific part of their daily life or the world around ancient Egypt and a lot of them were anthropomorphic.
References
https://carlos.emory.edu/htdocs/ODYSSEY/EGYPT/myth.html
https://quran.com/7/127
2.6- Ramses II Corps
When Moses and his followers crossed the sea, Pharaoh and his soldiers followed them, and when the latter drowned with his soldiers, the sea brought his corpse to the shore and became an example to the people.
We can read about this in the Qur’an [10:92] [So today We will save you in body1 that you may be to those who succeed you a sign]
Let’s see the Tafseer (Explanation) of Al-Qurtubi about this verse:
فرمي به على ساحل البحر حتى رآه بنو إسرائيل
So he was thrown on the seashore until the children of Israel saw him.
People now can see the corps of the pharaoh Ramses II moving from museum to another one and he became one of the most famous Egyptian Pharaohs.
References
https://quran.com/10/92
https://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/qortobi/sura10-aya92.html#qortobi
https://madainproject.com/ramesses_ii_mummy
2.7- Abraham’s People Gods
People who lived in Babel, Iraq, used to worship a lot of Gods and Goddesses, and one of the most important acts of worship that were prevalent at that time, was the cult of orbs worshiping. Let’s mention some of the deities they’ve worshiped:
1. The planet Venus was called Ishtar and was worshiped in Uruk.
2. The moon god Nanna was worshiped in Ur and Haran.
3. The sun god Shamash was worshiped in Larsa and Sippar.
The Qur’an tells us about these gods that the people of the Prophet Abraham worshiped. Still, before I mention these verses, I would like to use Bridges’ translation in this part only because it was more accurate than Saheeh International which I will explain why in a bit.
Let’s read the verses in the Qur’an [6:76–78] [So when the night covered him, he saw a planet; he said, “This is my lord.” But when it set, he said, “I do not love those that set.” So when he saw the moon rising, he said, “This is my lord.” But when it set, he said, “If my Lord does not guide me, I will most surely be one of the people who have gone astray.” So when he saw the sun rising, he said, “This is my lord; this is bigger.” But when it set, he said, “O my people, I am innocent of whatever you associate(with Him)]
Notice the word planet in verse 76 is the Arabic word “كَوْكَبًا — kawkaba” which can mean a planet or a star and Saheeh International translated it as a star while many other translations done by people like Dr. Ghali and Amatul Rahman Omar was translated as a planet.
Let’s see the Tafseer (Explanation) of Al-Jalalayn about the verse number 76:
{فَلَمَّا جَنَّ} أَظْلَم {عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْل رَأَى كَوْكَبًا} قِيلَ هُوَ الزَّهْرَة {قَالَ} لِقَوْمِهِ وَكَانُوا نَجَّامِينَ {هَذَا رَبِّي} فِي زَعْمكُمْ {فَلَمَّا أَفَلَ} غَابَ {قَالَ لَا أُحِبّ الْآفِلِينَ} أَنْ أَتَّخِذهُمْ أَرْبَابًا لِأَنَّ الرَّبّ لَا يَجُوز عَلَيْهِ التَّغَيُّر وَالِانْتِقَال
When the night became dark for him, he saw a planet, which was said to be Venus, he said to his people, and they were astrologers. This is my Lord, according to your claim. When it set, he said, “I do not like those who set as lords, because the Lord is not permitted to change and move.
The Prophet Abraham kept making the same argument against them regarding the moon and the sun until he said, “I am innocent of what you associate with God.”
References
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sin-Mesopotamian-god
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shamash
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ishtar-Mesopotamian-goddess
https://quran.com/6/
https://shamela.ws/book/12876/1026
2.8- Meadows & Rivers
The desert covers the Arabian Peninsula and is considered one of the largest deserts in the world, but who would have imagined that this region was once meadows and rivers? The satellite images show that the Arab peninsula one day had a lot of lakes, rivers, and meadows.
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said in a hadith [The Last Hour will not come before wealth becomes abundant and overflowing, so much so that a man takes Zakat out of his property and cannot find anyone to accept it from him and till the land of Arabia reverts to meadows and rivers.] and noticed the word revert which means it was meadows and rivers before and it will back again.
References
https://www.natureasia.com/en/nmiddleeast/article/10.1038/nmiddleeast.2018.44
https://sunnah.com/muslim:157c
“That is from the news of the unseen which We reveal, [O Muḥammad], to you.” Qur’an(12:102)
3- Scientific Facts From The Qur’an & Hadith
3.1- Mountain Root
Scientists have proven that mountains have deep roots embedded in the ground below which are long many times than is apparent above the ground.
The Qur’an already mentioned these roots and likened them to pegs which you can read in Qur’an [78:7] [and ˹made˺ the mountains as ˹its˺ pegs]
The biggest part of the peg that fixes the tent is inside the ground while a small part appears above the ground which is the same for the mountains which were known only in the last few centuries.
References
https://quran.com/78/7
https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/150589-mountain-roots-to-mountain-tops
3.2- Fertilization
In the modern era, we know that tens of millions of semen is released to embark on its journey to fertilize an egg but the fertilization operation needs only one sperm out of these millions of semen.
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said [The child does not come from all the liquid (semen) and when Allah intends to create anything nothing can prevent it (from coming into existence).]
References
https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw9234
https://sunnah.com/muslim:1438k
3.3- Lightning
Cloud-to-Ground lighting happens when the cloud spews negatively charged electricity toward the ground (200,000 mph) and meets positively charged objects, and when this happens, it goes back up (200,000,000 mph) in that channel that was created first by the negative particles and the lightning appears.
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) explain to them this phenomenon which no one in the 7th century knew about it and he said [Have you not seen lightning, how it passes and then comes back within the twinkling of an eye?]
References
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/lightning
https://sunnah.com/muslim:195
3.4- Heavy Clouds
When you see the clouds, you probably don't think clouds are heavy because they are floating in the air like a balloon but science shows the opposite.
Clouds can have a mass of about one million kilograms which is equivalent to the weight of hundreds of automobiles.
Allah mentioned this fact 14 centuries ago in the Qur'an [13:12] [He is the One Who shows you lightning, inspiring ˹you with˺ hope and fear,1 and produces heavy clouds.]
References
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-clouds-float-when/
https://quran.com/13/12
3.5- Hail
Cumulonimbus is a type of cloud that is dense and takes the shape of a mountain or a huge tower and is considered the only type of cloud that can produce hail.
Allah mentioned this phenomenon in the Qur’an [24:43] [And He sends down from the sky, mountains [of clouds] within which is hail, and He strikes with it whom He wills and averts it from whom He wills.]
References
https://www.skybrary.aero/articles/cumulonimbus-cb
https://quran.com/24/43
3.6- Blackness of The Moon
Black spots cover a large part of the moon but most people don’t know why it exists and how it was formed. From about 4.1 to 3.8 billion years ago, meteorites collided with the moon, causing magma on it, which make some parts of the moon were shining, and then after a long period (about 1 billion years ago) the moon’s crust that was shining because of the magma cooled and gave the blackness that we see on it today.
The Qur’an mentioned this more than 1400 years ago in Qur’an [17:12] [And We have made the night and day two signs, and We erased the sign of the night and made the sign of the day visible]
Let’s see the Tafseer (Explanation) of this verse in the 7th century by Ibn Abbas:
قال ابن عباس : كان القمر يضيء كما تضيء الشمس ، والقمر آية الليل ، والشمس آية النهار ( فمحونا آية الليل ) السواد الذي في القمر
Ibn Abbas said: The moon used to shine as the sun shines, and the moon is the sign of the night, and the sun is the sign of the day (and We erased the sign of the night) the blackness in the moon.
So the Tafseer (explanation) of ibn Abbas clarifies that the reason for the appearance of blackness on the moon is that it was shining, then its light was turned off and black spots appeared on it.
References
https://www.space.com/25320-moon-evolution-photo-timeline-gallery.html
https://quran.com/17/12
http://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/tabary/sura17-aya12.html
3.7- The Sun & The Moon Orbit
We all know that the earth rotates around the sun just like other planets in the solar system and this is how we have the four seasons throughout the year but does the solar system itself have an orbit?
The whole solar system including the sun, planets, our moon, and other things in space is orbiting the milky way galaxy with a speed of around 800,000 kilometers per hour. It can take 230 million years to complete one journey around this galaxy.
Allah said in the Qur’an [21:33] [And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all [heavenly bodies] in an orbit are swimming.]
Let’s read the meaning of the last part of this verse in Tafseer (Explanation) of Al-Tabari:
والشمس والقمر، كلّ ذلك في دائر يسبحون.
And the sun and the moon, all in a circle swimming.
The word “swimming” in the verse also means running or spinning according to several interpretations other than that of Al-Tabari so you can see how the Qur’an gets this information correct that the moon and the sun have an orbit. At the same time, it wasn’t known back in the 7th century.
References
https://grade8science.com/1-3-2-how-is-our-solar-system-moving-in-the-milky-way-galaxy/
https://quran.com/21/33
http://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/tabary/sura21-aya33.html
3.8- Sleeping
The brain contains three major parts which are the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain which also can be referred to as the brainstem located at the lower back part of the brain.
The brainstem connects your brain to your spinal cord. It contains the reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons responsible for controlling the sleep and wake cycles in your body, and many other functions.
Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “During your sleep, Satan knots three knots at the back of the head of each of you, and he breathes the following words at each knot, ‘The night is, long, so keep on sleeping,’ If that person wakes up and celebrates the praises of Allah, then one knot is undone, and when he performs ablution the second knot is undone, and when he prays, all the knots are undone, and he gets up in the morning lively and in good spirits, otherwise he gets up in low spirits and lethargic.”
The hadith refers to the back of the head (Brainstem Location) where satan knots three knots stopping you from waking to pray in the place that is responsible for the sleep and wake cycle and controls essential life functions.
References
https://www.brainlab.org/get-educated/brain-tumors/learn-brain-anatomy-basics/brain-anatomy/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21598-brainstem
https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3269
3.9- Lying
A study done by a group of campus researchers neuroscientists, economists, and psychologists on the brain shows the region in front of the brain (Forebrain) exerts control over lying impulses.
Allah refers to this discovery in the Qur’an [96:16] [a lying, sinful forelock] the word forelock used here is “النَّاصِيَةُ — alnnasiatu” which means in Arabic the front of the head.
النَّاصِيَةُ: مُقدَّم الرَّأس
Such information about the brain and the function of these two parts of the brain (Forebrain & Hindbrain) couldn’t be known at his time until recently which proves his Prophethood.
References
https://www.dailycal.org/2014/09/10/study-suggests-region-front-brain-exerts-control-lying-impulses
https://quran.com/96/16
https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/ناصية
3.10- Weaning Period
The experts recommended for long-term breastfeeding up to two years which will give the baby the ideal nutrition and will give both mom and baby good health benefits.
The Qur’an already mentioned the period of weaning with two years as we can read in the Qur’an [2:233] [Mothers may nurse [i.e., breastfeed] their children two complete years for whoever wishes to complete the nursing]
The good period for breastfeeding is two years, but if the breastfeeding woman wants to breastfeed less than that or more, then there is no problem and it is allowed in Islam, also scientifically you can stop breastfeeding before two years or more beyond this period.
References
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/how-to-stop/
https://quran.com/2/233
3.11- Pregnancy
The usual time of pregnancy is more than 9 months a little bit (40 weeks) but scientists found that the minimum time of pregnancy is 6 months (25 weeks) which is the critical limit so that the infant can live. Let’s read what the British Pregnancy Advisory Service said:
On the other hand, from week 25+0 onwards there is ‘a general agreement’ that babies can survive; therefore that ‘active management should be offered’.
Viability of extremely premature babies https://www.bpas.org
This critical limit is mentioned in the Qur’an [46:15] [and his gestation and weaning [period] is thirty months] and we know that the time of weaning is 24 months (2 years) according to the Qur’an [2:233] [Mothers may nurse [i.e., breastfeed] their children two complete years] and adding to it the minimum time of pregnancy which is 6 months and it will be 30 months.
References
https://www.bpas.org/get-involved/campaigns/briefings/premature-babies/
https://quran.com/46/15
https://quran.com/2/233
3.12- Maturity Age
Scientists thought the brain stops developing in early childhood and this turns out to be false it doesn’t stop until your late 40s this scientific fact was mentioned in the Qur’an in the 7th century which we can read in Qur’an [46:15] [until, when he reaches maturity and reaches [the age of] forty years]
Another study shows that the brain and the body start to slow at the age of 40 meaning both of them reach their peak in this middle age. These scientific facts that the Qur’an and hadith said about the brain is a clear proof that Muhammad (ﷺ) was a true messenger.
References
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8204782/Brain-only-fully-matures-in-middle-age-claims-neuroscientist.html
https://quran.com/46/15
https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/age-40-both-brain-body-start-slow-flna1c9457872
3.13- Deep Ocean Waves
Satellite images showed a phenomenon that occurs in the oceans, which scientists called internal waves, and they occur in the depths of the oceans.
The Qur’an already mentioned these deep waves in Qur’an[24:40] [Or ˹their deeds are˺ like the darkness in a deep sea, covered by waves upon waves.]
The word sea used here is “بحر — Bahr” and it means in Arabic a lot of water, whether salt or fresh.
البَحْرُ: الماءُ الكثيرُ، مِلْحاً كان أَو عَذْباً
Such knowledge like the deep waves in the ocean couldn’t be known to a man who lived in the 7th century unless he get a revelation from Allah.
References
https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/the-waves-within-the-waves
https://quran.com/24/40
https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/بحر
3.14- Female Spider
Allah mentioned the spiders in the Qur’an [29:41] [The example of those who take allies other than Allāh is like that of the spider who takes [i.e., constructs] a home]
The Arabic language differentiates between the gender in verbs and the word used for takes is “اتَّخَذَتْ — Itakhadht” which refer to the female and it is proven to be correct which we can read in this research:
It is generally accepted in the arachnological literature that adult female web-building spiders build species-typical webs while adult males do no web-building other than that required for courtship and sperm induction
though there is at least one published report that adult male uloborid spiders sometimes construct webs
FUNCTIONAL WEBS BUILT BY ADULT MALE BOWL AND DOILY SPIDERS, jstor.org
You can notice that spider females indeed are the responsible ones for making the web-building although sometimes the male constructs the webs but the big and main works are for the female.
References
https://quran.com/29/41
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3705327
3.15- Fossils
A fossil is any preserved remains or trace of a once-living thing from a past geological age. Bones of humans and animals are made of calcium and many other materials and they fossilized by getting replaced by minerals.
Minerals that usually replace these bones are calcite or silica or pyrite and you can divide these minerals into two categories:
Stone fossil: calcite and silica are common constituents of many types of rocks (Stones) so when the bones are replaced with calcite and silica they form the shape of the bones which makes it a rocky model of the bone.
Iron ores fossil: it occurred when the iron pyrite or its ores replaces the bones. This mineral called iron pyrite is an iron sulfide written in the formula FeS2 and it has the nickname fool’s gold due to its resemblance to the gold of its brass-yellow hue.
These scientific facts that have been proven are already mentioned in the Qur’an [17:49–50] [And they say, “When we are bones and crumbled particles, will we [truly] be resurrected as a new creation?” Say, “Be you stones or iron]
So the verse says that even if you are a stone or iron and you’ve disappeared completely from existence, almighty God can resurrect you and create you again as he created you the first time.
References
https://quran.com/17/49
https://quran.com/17/50
https://www.wondriumdaily.com/fossils-life-cast-in-ancient-stone/
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossilrecord/fossilization/fossilization.htm
3.16- The Pollination Winds
It’s been discovered that the wind pollinates plants, as the wind works to carry pollen and transfer it from one plant to another as well as pollinates many types of trees.
Allah said in the Qur’an [15:22] [And We have sent the fertilizing winds1 and sent down water from the sky and given you drink from it. And you are not its retainers.]
Let’s read the meaning of this verse in Tafseer (Explanation) of Al-Tabari:
تُلقح الشجر وتُمري السحاب.
It pollinates the trees and moves the clouds.
Clouds also move by the wind, so the higher you go in the sky, the faster the wind therefore the faster the clouds, and even some of them can travel long distances across the ocean.
References
https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/pollinators/wind.shtml
https://quran.com/en/al-hijr/22
https://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/tabary/sura15-aya22.html#tabary
“We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth.” Qur’an(41:53)
4- Rational Proofs From The Qur’an & Hadith
4.1- The Sun Eclipse
On the day of Ibrahim’s death who is the son of the Prophet, the sun eclipsed and the people said that the eclipse was due to the death of Ibrahim. Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said [The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the signs of Allah. They do not eclipse because of someone’s death or life. So when you see them, invoke Allah and pray till the eclipse is clear.] This hadith shows us two major things:
First, the incident is one of the most evidence of the sincerity of his Prophethood, as he did not use it to tell them that the sun eclipsed due to the death of his son, which confirms his honesty.
Second, the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) didn’t affect by the environment he was living in although they had a lot of myths they believe in and they’ve worshiped idols but the Qur’an and hadith show scientific facts and narrate the truths about the former nations.
References
https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1060
4.2- Palm Trunk Nostalgia
An interesting story happened to the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) when he was always used to ascend a trunk cut from a palm to deliver the Friday sermon on this cut trunk, and one day a woman came to the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and said to him, O Messenger of Allah, shall we not make a pulpit for you to preach on? So the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) agreed.
The woman commanded her son, who was a carpenter, to make a pulpit of wood for the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and after this pulpit was made, they placed it in the mosque and put the trunk of the palm aside, and when Friday came and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) ascended the new pulpit to deliver the Friday sermon and began the sermon, then the trunk cried so much so that it was about to burst.
The Prophet (ﷺ) came down from the pulpit to the trunk of the palm and embraced it and it started groaning like a child and then it stopped crying.
This story is narrated by a huge number of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and nowadays we have scientific research shows that plants can make sounds when it is stressed.
Stressed plants show altered phenotypes, including changes in color, smell, and shape. Yet, airborne sounds emitted by stressed plants have not been investigated before. Here we show that stressed plants emit airborne sounds that can be recorded from a distance and classified.
Sounds emitted by plants under stress are airborne and informative, https://www.sciencedirect.com
The sound that the companions and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) heard was in the vocal range of humans, and this is the miracle that agrees with the scientific fact that plants make sounds, even if they are not in the vocal range of humans, but this incident was a miracle and was conveyed to us by many of the companions.
References
https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2095
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867423002623
4.3- The Holy Quran
There is something unique in the Qur’an which is; The only book claims to be from God Almighty word by word and letter by letter. What we’ve seen so far about the fulfilled prophecies, the information about the previous nations, and the scientific facts is clear proof that the Qur’an is the word of Allah.
Also, the hadith contains the same which proves that Muhammad (ﷺ) is a true messenger and therefore the Qur’an which he claimed to be a revelation from Allah is correct.
Many reasons let you believe that the Qur’an is a revelation from the true creator and I will leave you with this video that will explain in detail.
This channel contains many videos to teach you about the Qur’an and Arabic, so you may probably want to take a look at their videos and learn the Arabic language that is used by hundreds of millions of people.
The Qur’an was revealed in the 7th century fourteen hundred years ago and challenged people to produce a chapter like it but no one till today could imitate the Qur’an. Someone will ask, what are the conditions of this challenge? I will leave you with this video to understand more about it:
Dr. Laura Veccia Vaglieri who was a Professor of Arabic and History of Muslim Civilization at the University of Naples said in her book AN INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM:
The miracle of Islam par excellence is the Quran, through which a constant and unbroken tradition transmits to us news of an absolute certainty. This is a book which cannot be imitated. Each of its expressions is a comprehensive one, and yet it is of proper size, neither too long nor too short. Its style is original. There is no model for this style in Arab literature of the times preceding it. The effect which it produces on the human soul is obtained without any adventitious aid through its own inherent excellences. The verses are equally eloquent all through the text, even when they deal with topics, such as commandments and prohibitions, which must necessarily affect its tone. Stories of Prophets, descriptions of the beginning and the end of the world, enumerations and expositions of the divine attributes are repeated but repeated in a way which is so impressive that they do not weaken the effect. The text proceeds from one topic to another without losing its power. Depth and sweetness, qualities which generally do not go together, are found together here, where each rhetoric figure finds a perfect application.
Although the opponents of Islam were invited by Muhammad to compose a book similar to his own, or, at least, a chapter (“And if you are in doubt as to what We have sent down to Our servant, then produce a chapter like it;”), 11 and although those who had the ability to express themselves with great eloquence were plentiful among the A’rabs, yet nobody was able to produce anything which could stand comparison with the Quran; they fought the Prophet with arms but failed to match the excellence of the Quran.
Laura Veccia Vaglieri, AN INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM, p 40–41
The smallest chapter in the Qur’an called Surat Al-Kawthar and it has only ten words, yet nobody could imitate the eloquence and splendor of this small chapter let alone the whole Qur’an which contains more than 77,000 words.
References
https://youtu.be/aINML5H7M_Q
https://youtu.be/2kmJyVA8n10
Laura Veccia Vaglieri, AN INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM, p 40–41
4.4- Battle of The Trench
This miracle happened in the 5th year of Heigra when a battle happened between Muslims and Quraish was called the Battle of the Trench since Muslims had to dig a trench to stop Quraish armies from entering their city which is Medina and also called the Battle of Al-Ahzab.
During this siege done by the Quraish, the prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) supplicated to Allah and said [O Allah, Revealer of the Book, swift in (taking) account, put the tribes to rout. O Lord, defeat them and shake them]
A great wind hit the area where these armies settled and it broke their tents and threw their belongings. Allah after this miracle revealed a verse to the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) which we can read in the Qur’an [33:9] [O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allāh upon you when armies came to [attack] you and We sent upon them a wind and armies [of angels] you did not see.]
Let’s see the Tafseer (Explanation) of Al-Qurtubi about this verse:
وكانت هذه الريح معجزة للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ; لأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم والمسلمين كانوا قريبا منها ، لم يكن بينهم وبينها إلا عرض الخندق ، وكانوا في عافية منها ، ولا خبر عندهم بها.
This wind was a miracle for the Prophet (ﷺ); Because the Prophet (ﷺ) and the Muslims were close to it, and there was nothing between them and it except the width of the trench, and they were in good health from it, and they had no news of it.
This Surah (Chapter) has been named Surah Al-Ahzab, which mentions this battle between the Muslims and the polytheists of Quraish, and it reminds the believers of Allah’s mercy upon them when He gave them victory over the Quraysh, and this confirms that this miracle occurred, and it is proof that Muhammad (ﷺ) is a prophet from God.
References
https://www.islamicfinder.org/knowledge/islam-and-sunnah/battle-of-trench-ghazwah-khandaq/
https://sunnah.com/muslim:1742b
https://quran.com/33/9
https://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/qortobi/sura33-aya9.html#qortobi
4.5- Islam Core Teaching
Islam is the teaching to believe in one God (Allah) the true creator and submit your full will to him who described himself in Qur’an [112:1–4] [Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “He is Allah — One ˹and Indivisible˺; Allah — the Sustainer ˹needed by all˺. He has never had offspring, nor was He born. And there is none comparable to Him.”]
Seven people will be shaded by Allah under His shade on the day of judgment when there will be no shade except His and one of them as the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) mentioned is a person who practices charity so secretly that his left-hand does not know what his right hand has given.
The hadith indicated that nobody should know you’ve given in charity and tell us that you must dedicate everything to Allah alone meaning your fasting, your charity, your prayer, your supplication, and anything is for Allah, for He is the only one worthy of worship.
References
https://quran.com/112
https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1423
“And whoever desires other than Islām as religion — never will it be accepted from him, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.” Qur’an(3:85)
Conclusion
An American author Michael H. Hart wrote the book — The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History — listing Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as the most influential person in history and asserting that he was supremely successful.
Fulfilled prophecies, the truth about former nations, and scientific facts in many different fields no one could know in his time are clear proof that he is a messenger of Allah.
I invite you if you are a non-muslim to convert to Islam by saying the Shahada and following the last legislation that was revealed to the Seal of the Prophets.
