GIT- VERSION CONTROL

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GIT :)

I am gonna show you how to use command line to do things such as version control, how to clone repositories, how to fork, make pull requests, merge repositories and a whole bunch of really exciting things. So let’s get started!

To initialize git in our folder, use:

git init

Let’s suppose you’re inside your working directory and here if you want to start tracking your changes, then you need to add your files to what’s called a STAGING AREA.This is actually a place in version control where you can decide which files you want to commit later. To see what’s currently inside your staging area, use the command:

git status

It will show you the untracked files which will be shown in red color and in order to add your files to the staging area and to start tracking changes in it , use the command(use git add . to add all the files to the staging area):

git add (filename)
git add .

And now if you use git status, you can see your file is added and it is in green color. So now it is ready to be committed.So let’s go ahead and commit this in local repository under version control using:

git commit -m "any commit message"

You can see what commits you have made using the following command:

git log

Sometimes you might wonder, why not just go from the working directory straight to the local repository? Why do we need this extra step to go to the staging area??

Well, sometimes you might not want to add all of your files to be tracked or all of your files to be committed. So staging area is a good place to try and figure out what are the things that you want git to ignore and what are the things you want to be tracked.

So now let’s say i have been working on some file, and i have completely messed up everything.To check the differences between the current version and last version of my file,use:

git diff (filename)

I can actually revert the changes i have made locally in my working directory using:

git checkout (filename)

Now we have learned to work on the local version of git locally. Now i am gonna talk about creating remote repositories.

To push your commits from local repository to remote repository in GitHub, use:

git remote add origin (URL of your remote repo)
git push -u origin master

The -u flag(stands for upstream) will link your local repositories to your remote repositories. Our remote name is ‘origin’ and the branch name is ‘master’.Master branch is the default or the main branch of all your commits.

Now we looked at how to push your local repository to a remote repository on GitHub.

Working in a team:

To clone a remote repository to pull it to your local repository, use:

git clone (URL of the repo)

To create a separate branch locally, use

git branch (branch-name)

To check all the branches that exists,use:(the asterisk will show you the branch you’re currently in)

git branch

To switch to a particular branch, use the following command:

git checkout (branch-name)

Make the necessary changes in your file.Then do:

git add .
git commit -m "commit message"

To merge changes to the master branch:

git checkout master
git merge (branch-name)
git push -u origin master

To push changes to your branch, use:

git checkout (branch-name)
git push -u origin (branch-name)

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