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God Does Play Dice With The Universe

The measurements of Quantum systems are truly random.

Dr. Ashish Bamania
Into Quantum

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I have been writing a Quantum Computing publication called Into Quantum, and here is one of the fundamental lessons you need to learn in Quantum mechanics before understanding how Quantum computers work.

I have a question for you (and many would think it’s silly).

Are the results of tossing a coin random?

Although we have been taught that that is it from a very young age, the answer is No.

Then why is it considered random for practical purposes? — you’d ask.

To answer this, let’s understand how a coin toss works.

The Classical Physics Behind A Coin Toss

The trajectory of a tossed coin can simply be described using Newton’s equations of motion:

where:

  • F is the force acting on the coin from the tosser’s thumb
  • m is the mass of the coin
  • a is the acceleration of the coin due to this force

But there’s more to it.

The motion of the coin also depends on the —

  • Torque applied by the tosser’s thumb

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