What was the caste structure of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar as per 1901 census?
Arya Dravidian Tract — Bihar and The United Provinces
The Social Statistics of this group is given below
First let us take the United Provinces Classification
United Provinces Caste Distribution
UP Caste Distribution as per 1901 census
So this is one region which has the highest % of forward castes. Firstly around 26% of them are upper castes who are twice born.
Around 36% of the population are also Socially forward Shudras. They are Jays, Halwai, Ahar, Ahir, Barai, Barhai, Gujar, Kachhi, Kahar, Kisan, Koeri, Kurmi, Lodha, Lohar, Mali, Murao, Nai, Sorar and Others.
Around 7% of them are Socially Backward Shudras on whom some untouchability practices are noticed. They are Bharbhunja, Darzi, Gadariya, Kewat, Kumhar, Mallah.
On a similar ground we have around 6% of them who are extremely backward from whom water cannot be taken. They are Banjara, Bhar, Kalwar, Teli, Arak, Kol, Luniya, Kanjar, Meo and Others
Lastly this region has 26% of the population has Exterior classes who are the SC/ST. This includes castes that are untouchable, but do not eat beef like Dhanuk, Dhobi, Dusadh, Khatik, Kori, Pasi and Others. It also includes lowest castes eating beef and vermin like Bhangi, Chamar, Dom and Others
Now let us take the Bihar Tract
Bihar Caste Distribution.
Bihar Caste Analysis
Again here around 18% of them are upper castes. They are Brahman, Babban, Kayasth, Rajput and Others.
Next is the Socially Forward Shudras who form 34% of the Hindu Population. They are Ahir, Atith, Jogi, Barui, Dhanuk, Gangauta, Gareri, Gour, Halwai, Kahar, Kandu, Koiri, Kurmi, Rajhwar.
Socially Backward Shudras form 7% of the population. They are Amat, Barhi, Hajjam, Kumhar, Lohar, Mali, Sonar and Others. I have placed them lower since there is a subclassification with in this group.
However there is a large segment of Extremely Backward Shudras who form 12% of the population. They are Beldar, Bind, Chain, Gourhi, Kalwar, Kewat, Mallah, Nunia, Ruiar, Sunri, Teli, Tiyar, Turaha and Others.
Around 28% of them are exterior castes. They are Bhuiya, Chamar, Dhoba, Dosadh, Gangai, Khatwe, Mushar, Pasi, Rajwar, Tatwa or Tanti and Others.
Bihar and UP- Musalman Population
Here there is a large population of Muslims. As compared to 20,656,030 Hindus, there were 10,294,446 Muslims. That is 50% Muslims. However, these figures are all pre partition.
However, we can notice that there were Socially Backward Muslims who formed 13% of the Muslims Population. They are Bhangi, Darzi, Dhobi, Lohar, Nai, Teli who are called Ajiaf.
Next is the Extremely Backward Muslims who form almost 27% of the total Muslims. They are Bhisti, Dhunia, Fakir, Jolaha, Kunjra, Quasab, Garo, Mewati. These group require special protection.
