50+ Java Collections Interview Questions for Beginners and Experienced Programmers
Hello guys, if you are preparing for Java Developer interviews then you may know that Java Collection and Generic are a very important topic for Java Interviews. If you want to crack the Java interview then you must prepare for Java collections and Generics questions.
In the past, I have shared best Java Collections courses and in this article, I am going to share 50 poular Java Collections and Generics questions form past Java Interviews.
As I said, its an important topic which you cannot afford to miss and these questions will give you the exposure of key concepts you need to know as a Java developers. They also present some of the hardest questions to a programmer when it comes to interviews, especially Generics.
It’s not easy to first understand what a particular piece of code doing with those question marks and other signs and then the pressure of interviews also makes it hard to answer complex usage of Generics.
But, with proper preparation and paying attention to both Java Collection and Generic, you can solve that hurdle. If you are looking for Java job but haven’t done well in the interviews you have given so far then you have come to the right place.
In this article, I have shared a lot of Java interview questions on various topics and difficulty levels.
There are Java questions for beginners as well as expert programmers. They are theoretical questions based upon Java programming concepts as well as coding and data structure algorithms questions for programmers, and this article is only going to make that collection even more valuable.
In this article, I am going to share some of the frequently asked Java Collection and Generic questions from Interviews. These are the questions you have often seen on a telephonic round of Java interviews as well as on face-to-face interviews. It’s useful for both beginners having 2 to 3 years of experience as well as experienced Java programmers with 5 to 6 years of experience.
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This list has a collection of questions that has both easy and tough questions in it but the most important thing is that most of the questions have already been asked in interviews. I am sure you might have also seen it in your interviews.
knowing the answers to these questions will not only help you to crack your Java interview but also understand Java Generics and Collection topic in-depth, which will eventually help you to write better Java programmers and code.
Btw, if you are new to Java or want to solidify your Java knowledge then you should check out a comprehensive course like The Complete Java Masterclass before attempting to solve these questions. It will help you immensely by filling gaps in your knowledge and going back and forth. It’s also the most up-to-date course and covers every new feature introduced in new Java releases
50+ Java Collection and Generic Interview Questions
Without wasting any more of your time, here is my list of 50+ Java interview questions on Collection and Generics.
If you have done some work in Java +then you should know the answer to these questions but if you don’t you can always see the answer.
Instead of writing answers here, I have linked them to relevant posts so that you can try to solve the problem by yourself here and if you need you can get an in-depth discussion on individual posts to learn the topic in depth.
1) What is the Java Collection Framework and How do you choose different collections? (answer)
Here is the diagram which answers this question:
2) What are Generics in Java? (answer)
hint: Java feature to ensure type safety at compile time.
3) Which are your favorite classes from Java Collection Framework? (answer)
hint: Collection, List, Set, Map, ArrayList, Vector, LinkedList, HashMap, etc
4) When do you use Set, List, and Map in Java? (answer)
hint — use set when you don’t need duplicates, use List when you need order with duplicates, and use Map when you need to store key-value pair.
5) Which Sorted Collection have you used? (answer)
hint — TreeSet is one example of a sorted Collection
6) How HashSet work in Java? (answer)
hint — same as HashMap, using hashing and equals() and hashCode() method. HashSet is actually backed by HashMap where keys are elements you store in HashSet and values are always null.
7) Which two methods you should override for an Object to be used as a key in hash-based Collections? (answer)
hint — equals and hashcode
8) Can you use HashMap in a concurrent application? (answer)
hint — Yes, but only if you are reading from the HashMap and its initialized by a single thread, otherwise no.
9) What is the difference between HashMap and Hashtable in Java? (answer)
hint — HashMap is fast but not threadsafe, Hashtable is slow but thread-safe
10) What is the difference between synchronized and concurrent Collection in Java? (answer)
11) How ConcurrentHashMap work in Java? (answer)
partitions map into segments and lock them individually instead of locking the whole map.
12) What is PriorityQueue in Java? (answer)
A data structure that always keeps the highest or lowest element at the head so that you can access or remove it in constant time.
13) What is type-erasure in Generics? (answer)
It's a part of the Java compiler which removes all type-related information after compilation from Java so that the generated code is the same as before Generics.
14) What is the difference between ArrayList and Vector in Java? (answer)
hint — ArrayList is not synchronized hence fast, Vector is synchronized hence slow
15) What is the difference between LinkedList and ArrayList in Java? (answer)
hint — ArrayList is backed by array while LinkedList is backed by a linked list which means search with index is only possible in ArrayList.
16) What is the difference between Hashtable and ConcurrentHashMap in Java? (answer)
hint — ConcurrentHashMap is a new concurrent class with better scalability as only a portion of the map called segment is locked while Hashtable is an old class where the whole map is Locke for synchronization. Seet Java Collections: Fundamentals course for more details.
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17) What is the difference between LinkedHashSet and TreeSet in Java? (answer)
hint — TreeSet is a sorted set where elements are stored in their natural or custom sorting order depending upon comparable and comparator while LinkedHashSet is just an ordered collection that maintains insertion order.
18) Difference between extends and super in Java Generics? (answer)
19) What do you mean by thread-safe collection? Give an example of a 2 thread-safe Collection in Java? (answer)
20) What is the relationship between equals and compareTo in Java? (answer)
21) What is the default size of ArrayList and HashMap in Java? (answer)
22) What is the load factor, capacity, and Size of the Collection in Java? (answer)
23) What is the difference between Iterator and Enumeration in Java? (answer)
24) When does ConcurrentModificationException occur? (answer)
25) What is the difference between fail-safe and fail-fast Iterator in Java? (answer)
26) What is CopyOnWriteArrayList in Java? (answer)
27) When do you use BlockingQueue in Java? (answer)
for impelmenting producer-consumer pattern in Java.
28) What is the difference between the peek() and poll() method of the Queue interface? (answer)
peek() just return the head of the queue but doesn’t remove, but poll() not only return the element from the head of the queue but also removes it.
29) How do you find if an ArrayList contains an Object or not? (answer)
hint — you can use the contains() method to check if ArrayList contains a particulary object or not. It uses equals() method so it will only work if your object impelments equals() otherwise, it will not work until you are passing the exactly same reference of the object.
30) Can we store Integer in an ArrayList<Number> in Java? (answer)
31) How get method of HashMap works in Java? (answer)
hint — hashing, hashcode method is used to find bucket location for putting the mapping and equals is used for retrieval.
32) How do you sort a Collection in Java? (answer)
33) What is the difference between ListIterator and Iterator in Java? (answer)
34) What is the difference between HashSet and LinkedHashSet in Java? (answer)
35) When do you use EnumSet in Java? (answer)
36) List down 4 ways to iterate over Map in Java? (answer)
hint —
- using for loop
- using for each loop of JDK 5
- using Iterator
- using ListIterator
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37) How to create read-only Collection in Java? (answer)
38) What is IdentityHashMap in Java? (answer)
39) Difference between IdentityHashMap and WeakHashMap in Java? (answer)
40) What is the difference between Comparator and Comparable in Java? (answer)
41) What is DeQueue? When do you use it? (answer)
42) How do you remove an Object from the Collection? (answer)
43) What is the difference between the remove() method of Collection and Iterator in Java? (answer)
44) What is the difference between ArrayList and ArrayList<?> in Java? (answer)
45) What is the difference between PriorityQueue and TreeSet in Java? (answer)
46) How can I avoid “unchecked cast” warnings? (answer)
47) What is the “diamond” operator in Java? (answer)
48) What is the covariant method overriding in Java? (answer)
50) What is the difference between bounded and unbounded wildcards in Java generics? (answer)
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That’s all in this list of 50 Java Generics and Collections Interview Questions. They are a very important topic from the Java Interview point of view, especially collections. Make sure you prepare them well before going for any interviews. If you need further preparation you can also check out these Java Interview books and courses:
Further Learning
Java Interview Guide: 200+ Interview Questions and Answers
Java Programming Interview Exposed by Markham
Cracking the Coding Interview — 189 Questions and Answers
Data Structure and Algorithms Analysis for Job Interviews
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Thanks for reading this article so far. If you like these Java Generics and Collections interview questions then please share them with your friends and colleagues. If you have any questions or feedback then please drop a note.
P. S. — If you are serious about mastering Java Collections — one of the most important Java API then I also suggest you check out the Java Collections: Fundamentals course by @Richrad Warburton, a Java Champion on Pluralsight. It’s a great course to learn why and which collections Java programmers should use.
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