Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a short-range radio-based communication technology that allows for fast and consistent data transmission. UWB will be the technology of choice for locating moving assets indoors because of its unequaled precision, transmission speed, and dependability.
How It Works
UWB is a short-range wireless communication system that employs radio waves, similar to Bluetooth or WiFi. However, it is distinguished by the fact that it operates at a relatively high frequency.
A UWB transmitter sends billions of pulses throughout the wide spectrum frequency; a receiver listens for a familiar pulse sequence sent by the transmitter and converts the pulses into data. Pulses are generated every two nanoseconds, allowing UWB to maintain its real-time accuracy. UWB is fast, secure, and consumes very little power. It is very effective over short distances.
Power Spectral Density & Frequency
On Feb 14, 2002, the FCC authorized the unlicensed use of UWB in the frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The 3.1 to 10.6 GHz range is a wide spectrum frequency.
Security
UWB guarantees actual proximity between sensor and receiver as the signal can’t be spoofed. Because UWB allows for precise location identification, it enables the following use cases:
- Hands-free access control
- Location-based services
- Device to device services
Current Devices
Devices that have UWB integrated circuits are the iPhone 11 series, Apple Watch Series 6, iPhone 12 series, HomePod Mini, AirTag, iPhone 13 series, and the Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra. Apple Air Tags are simple tracking devices that primarily rely on UWB.
Use Cases
This technology will open up several use cases. A few current examples include smart home and sports applications.
Smart Home: the primary use case in the home is locating devices accurately. UWB technology will also support several security measures such as opening car doors or enabling access to secure areas for approved individuals.
Sports: the NFL uses UWB for camera tracking by embedding sensors into the shoulder pads of football players and a sensor within the football itself. This allows for cameras to track the plays with greater efficiency.
Conclusion
While UWB won’t replace Bluetooth, NFC, or WiFi, it does have its own set of unique advantages. UWB will enhance IoT use cases and enable more complex ambient intelligence and edge computing applications. I believe the true value of UWB will be unlocked when combined with other technologies.
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