Getting started with Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
UBUNTU INSTALLATION:
I. DUAL BOOTING UBUNTU:
Step:1 Download Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS ISO file.
Download ISO file of Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS from their official Website.
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Once the ISO file is downloaded, burn it into a USB drive or DVD and Boot your system with bootable USB drive or DVD. You’ll be welcomed by a window as shown below
Step:2 Select ‘Install Ubuntu’ to start installation.
Step:3 Preparing to Install Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
In case your system is connected to the Internet and wants to install third party tools during installation, you can select both the options as shown in below snap otherwise leave the options uncheck or just click Continue to proceed further.
Step:4 Choose ‘something else’ option to create customize partition scheme
If you are planning to create your own customize partition table then select ‘something else‘ option in the below screen and Click on Continue.
In case you Select the first option ‘erase disk and install ubuntu‘, it will delete all data on disk and will install Ubuntu with the default partition scheme.
Click on New partition table
Click on Continue.
In the below Screen Select the Disk, click on ‘+’ option to create partition.
Specify the mount point as /boot and File system type as ext4 and partition size as 500 MB.
Similarly create /var and /home partitions as per your available disk.
Create a Swap partition and size of swap should be double of your RAM, in my case RAM size is 2 GB so swap size should be 4 GB.
(Swap partition: A swap partition is just what its name implies — a standard disk partition that is designated as swap space by the mkswap command. A swap file can be used if there is no free disk space in which to create a new swap partition or space in a volume group where a logical volume can be created for swap space.)
In the last create ‘/’ partition on remaining size and file system type should be ext4.
Once you are done with partition table click on ‘Install Now‘. It will show the below screen, click on Continue to Proceed.
Step:5 Specify the Time Zone as per your location.
Click on Continue.
Step:6 Select the Keyboard Layout as per your setup.
Step:7 Specify the Hostname, User name and its password.
Click on Continue to start the installation
Step:8 Installation is in Progress.
As we can see below that installation is progress, once the installation is completed we will get the message to reboot the system.
To Reboot the system click on ‘Restart Now‘
Step:9 Now login to the system with User that we created during installation.
II. INSTALLING UBUNTU IN VIRTUAL MACHINE:
A Virtual machine is an emulation of a computer system. Virtual machines are based on computer architectures and provide functionality of a physical computer.
Download Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS ISO file.
Download ISO file of Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS from their official Website.
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Creating a Virtual Machine.
Download and install VirtualBox from the link given below.
https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
Once it’s done installing open Virtualbox.
Now click New button in order to create a new virtual machine
Enter a name for your virtual machine. Type whatever you want to name your virtual machine into the “Name” text field that’s near the top of the pop-up menu.
Select “Linux” as the type value. Click the “Type” drop-down box, then select “Linux” in the resulting drop-down box.
Select Ubuntu as the “Version” value. Ubuntu should be selected by default after you setup type to Linux, but if it isn’t click the Version drop-down and select Ubuntu (64-bit) before proceeding and click Next.
Then select the amount of ram to be used by the Virtual machine
Select the size of ram to be allocated for the virtual machine and make sure not to increase the ram into the red section of the slider and click next.
Now select “Create a virtual hard disk now” and click Create and allocate the hard disk size and click Create.
Once the Ubuntu ISO finishes downloading, click on the Start button.
Now select the folder shaped icon and a new window opens now select the downloaded Ubuntu ISO file and click Open. Once the selected Ubuntu ISO file appears click Start.
Now you will be presented by the window given below from that click Install Ubuntu option.
Check both boxes on the “Preparing to install Ubuntu” page. This will ensure that everything Ubuntu needs to run will be installed. Now click Continue.
Now click Erase disk and install ubuntu. As we are installing ubuntu the the virtual machine and in a separate storage which we allocated nothing will be deleted from your computer. Click Install Now.
Select a time zone. Click a section that correlates with your position on the map and click continue.
Now select the keyboard that you want from the keyboard options and click continue.
Specify the Hostname, User name and its password and click continue.
Now wait for Ubuntu to finish installing. Once it’s done installing restart the machine.
III. Desktop overview:
After installing Ubuntu in your computer and once the restart is complete login with your username and password.
Ubuntu Lock Screen
Once you logged in, the desktop is presented as shown in the following screenshot. Now will have a look at some of the important and necessary features of Ubuntu environment.
The Control Panel:
The Control Panel on the left-hand side of the screen presents shortcuts for all of the most used applications. Using these options, we can launch the LibreOffice component, the Firefox browser, the Software Center and many other applications.
The Menu Bar:
When we launch any application, we will get the associated menu bar at the top of the application, which will have the different menu options for that application. We can choose to close the entire window or resize the window, if required.
Taskbar:
On the right-hand side of the screen is the task bar. The taskbar allows us to choose the change in volume settings, view the status of your internet connect, change your language and other settings, and view the battery status while working on a laptop.
System settings:
By default, Ubuntu comes with pre-built required drivers for the mouse, keyboard, audio and video drivers. Long gone are the days where device drivers used to be a nightmare for Linux-based operating systems.
To view the options for devices, go to the settings options on the left-hand side control panel.
In the hardware section, you will see the various options for the hardware devices such as the display monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.
Installing Software:
Step 1 − In the control panel, the Software Center appears on the left-hand side of the screen. In the following screenshot, it is encircled in a red box. Double-click to open it.
Step 2 − We can also browse through various software categories. For example, let’s click the Audio category. We can see a list of available software for installation. As seen in the following screenshot.
Step 3 − Now let us choose an application, say the Music application and see how it installs.
Step 4 − Once we click the Music application, the following screenshot pops up. Click the Install button to begin the installation.
Step 5 − Once the installation is complete, click the Launch button to launch the software.
Removing Software:
To see the list of already installed software on the machine, go to the Installed section of the Software Centre application. This presents an option to remove the unwanted software if required, as shown in the following screenshot.
To remove any unwanted software, click the Remove button associated with the required software.
Updating a software:
In the updates section, we can install critical updates available for the Ubuntu operating system. This section also shows the updates available for the software already installed on the system.
Click the Install button next to the desired update that needs to be installed.
