The Pursuit of Happiness: A Look Beyond GDP

Teja V Surapaneni, MD, MS
MD TALK
3 min readApr 4, 2024

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In a world where material wealth and economic achievements are frequently used to define success, Bhutan’s tiny Himalayan kingdom offers a refreshing alternative: Gross National Happiness (GNH). This comprehensive approach to development, which prioritizes the well-being and pleasure of its population over economic growth, teaches a valuable lesson about what makes true societal progress.

Bhutan’s GNH is a trailblazing metric that embodies the notion that true progress comes when spiritual, physical, social, and environmental health are in sync. Unlike Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which measures economic output, GNH evaluates a country’s success in a more human and psychological context. This transition from economic measures to well-being indicators raises an important question:

Are we actually progressing as a society by enriching our lives with meaning and contentment, or are we simply acquiring wealth?

Happiness’ impact on longevity emphasizes its value as a measure of success. According to studies, happiness can contribute to longer and healthier lives. Health is defined as a condition of overall well-being, not just the absence of disease. Happier people have lower stress levels, healthier hearts, and stronger immune systems. Thus, prioritizing happiness may be crucial to living not only a longer, but also a more satisfied life.

However, the constant quest of economic progress and material wealth has thrown a pall over our shared happiness. The urge to succeed and collect has resulted in materialism, in which worth is frequently ascribed based on goods rather than personal contentment. This society pattern steers people toward choices that may not lead to happiness, but rather to a never-ending want for more. Such an environment not only breeds dissatisfaction, but it also blinds us to the pleasures of simpler, non-materialistic activities.

The attraction of consumerism, as well as continual comparison to the successes of others, can diminish personal contentment. The happiness gained from living a life consistent with one’s ideals and objectives frequently outweighs that gained from external affirmation. Nations that prioritize community, sustainability, and well-being over riches and high success provide as persuasive models of alternate paths to pleasure.

In contrast, the high-pressure cultures of huge hedge funds and Wall Street provide a direct investigation of the happiness-wealth contradiction. The obsessive pursuit of financial success frequently results in the sacrifice of personal time and well-being. The link between profits and happiness is fragile, with many in these industries questioning the sacrifice of human needs for money success.

In today’s world, striking a perfect balance between job, personal life, and societal expectations may appear impossible. However, understanding the power of human decision in creating one’s life is critical. Happiness, after all, is very personalized and subjective. Opting out of a high-paying job in favor of a fulfilling profession, or choosing a humble living arrangement to be closer to loved ones, demonstrates an understanding that happiness is not a one-size-fits-all formula.

Furthermore, while taxes and the cost of living are sometimes perceived as obstacles to happiness, they are also the price we pay for the society in which we live. Recognizing that our happiness should be based on our choices and objectives, rather than external demands or comparisons, can lead to a more fulfilled life.

To summarize, Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness acts as a beacon, illuminating the route to a more comprehensive and meaningful approach to development. By redefining success and prioritizing personal well-being over material benefits, we may create a culture that sees happiness as the ultimate measure of progress.

Throughout this journey, each individual’s pursuit of happiness, which is based on own beliefs and choices, emerges as the most meaningful.

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Teja V Surapaneni, MD, MS
MD TALK
Editor for

American Board Certified in Internal Medicine Specialty