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The Manila Collegian
The Manila Collegian
12 min readJul 24, 2020

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By: Bianca Baldemor, Irish Bantolino, and Danna Gonsalves

Illustration by: Abigail Beatrice Malabrigo

The world is one big operating system — a vast interface full of complex algorithms and deliberate rules and processes, a real brooding place for vulnerability and corrupting data. Equipped with an input mechanism that falls under the hands of the coders, it’s not difficult to introduce new data, new commands, and, unfortunately, even new malware like viruses. It all depends on what the coders want — it has always been easy in the perspective of the privileged few who hold access to alter the coded paradigm.

The same glitch in that artificial environment is, unfortunately, also our 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺.

Just when a biological virus injects itself into a failed democratic country, a vicious oppressor looms behind the screens, ready to code the greatest stack of caustic policies that would lead to the demise for many but the bliss for himself. With a system that is already corrupted to begin with, and with a motivation to issue an implicit “sabotage” and “denial-of-service” for his constituents, the vicious coder seizes the pandemic as his opportunity. Tipping everything to his own favor, he then schemes the greatest blueprint of this trying times — a series of codes to silence dissent, to bolster social violence, and finally, to shift the paradigm.
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𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙴𝚁 𝙲𝙾𝙳𝙴:
𝙸𝚏 (𝚌𝚘𝚍𝚎=𝚁𝙴𝙳; 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚕𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚕=𝟷) . . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 (𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚟𝚎𝚕_𝚋𝚊𝚗=𝙽𝙾)
𝙸𝚏 (𝚌𝚘𝚍𝚎=𝚁𝙴𝙳; 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚕𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚕=𝟸) . . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 (𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚟𝚎𝚕_𝚋𝚊𝚗=𝚈𝙴𝚂)
𝙸𝚏 (𝚎𝚗𝚑𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚍. 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚝𝚢. 𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚎.)
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 𝚟𝚊𝚕𝚞𝚎(𝚖𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕)=𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎 𝚡𝟷𝟶
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 𝚟𝚊𝚕𝚞𝚎(𝚖𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚢)=𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎 𝚡𝟷𝟶𝟶
𝙸𝚏 𝚕𝚘𝚌(𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚘𝚗)=𝚑𝚘𝚖𝚎 . . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚜=𝚂𝙰𝙵𝙴
𝙸𝚏 𝚕𝚘𝚌(𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚘𝚗)=𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚎 . . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚜=𝚄𝙽𝚂𝙰𝙵𝙴
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 <𝚖𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚜𝚑𝚘𝚞𝚕𝚍> 𝚊𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝

Swift processes and perplexing times demand wise and agile coders. The Philippine government, however, is a stark exception to that. In a blink of an eye, the pandemic’s reality came spiraling down in a span of two months after the injection of the infamous Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), successfully latching itself onto 3,660 hosts as of the middle of the quarantine. That’s the result of the conscious underestimation of the virus — by prioritizing relations with other countries and keeping the country’s doors open to vulnerability, the inept government only waited for the enemy to be stronger before restricting its access to our domain. With its destructive payload and ability to hide itself by rendering some hosts asymptomatic, it has brought over 160 hosts to termination and thousands of Filipinos to uncertainty. This notorious virus has crept silently from one host to another, only reaching a halt in March when the enhanced community quarantine became the vicious coder’s dilatory command.

With his fragile antivirus strategy running the interface, the vicious coder has his prying fingers set on using the public health crisis as a side-syntax for his power-accumulation scheme. Code by code, he logs them all in the system in seamless succession… all leading to our inevitable doom.
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𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙴𝚁 𝙲𝙾𝙳𝙴:
𝙸𝚏 (𝚌𝚛𝚒𝚜𝚒𝚜=𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝; 𝚙𝚘𝚠𝚎𝚛=𝚊𝚋𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚞𝚝𝚎; 𝙵𝚛𝚎𝚎𝚍𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚏𝚂𝚙𝚎𝚎𝚌𝚑=𝚊𝚋𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝)
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 {𝙳𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑𝚘𝚏𝙳𝚎𝚖𝚘𝚌𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚢=𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚎; 𝙱𝚒𝚛𝚝𝚑𝚘𝚏𝚃𝚢𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚗𝚢=𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚎}

𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙡 𝙨𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙢𝙚: “𝙄𝙛 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨, 𝙄 𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙗𝙨𝙤𝙡𝙪𝙩𝙚 𝙥𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙨𝙞𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙤𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣, 𝙢𝙮 𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙞𝙘𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙨𝙝𝙞𝙥 𝙬𝙞𝙡𝙡 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝.”

The current state of emergency, in the hands of the wrong yielder, is apparently a mere prompt meant to spearhead the vicious coder’s selfish paradigm of oppression and inequality. It is obvious to note that such political moves will neither be new nor original. It really is as if the present administration found it necessary to ‘copy-paste’ their current code of actions from the country’s previous dictator; transposing what was then applicable to a country subject to Martial Law to a country now abject with fascism.

Looking back at our homeland’s dark history, Ferdinand Marcos had cast Martial Law into its place under the pretense of combating violence and communist rebellion prevalent at the time. This iron-fisted coder’s subsequent action was to put out the “Letter of Instruction №1,” a mandate that forced all mass media enterprises to relegate full control and power to him. Presidential Decrees were also announced and published expeditiously in order to ban, close down, seek out, and more importantly, punish whatever form or individual dared to report the true cataclysmic state of the nation at the time. Marcos’ lies and words of manipulation were wrapped in sweet promises of ‘progress’ like the faux assurance of a million bucks hidden within a scam email. And just as it is with such emails, one moment of weakness — one simple click without the forbearance of any critical thought, renders us corrupt with a new virus.

Under predictable terms and conditions, the President’s undemocratic actions are no longer a surprise. With the novel corona virus on the loose, the current administration found new ways to repeat the violations of the past. The overconfident programmer, oozing with misplaced smugness and periodic lapdog tendencies, underestimated the ability of the virus to penetrate the substandard protection of his own third world country. The proclaimed leader even referred to the fears toward the bio-hazard as a mere “hysterical response.” The tables turned on him the moment figures of infected hosts quickly increased. Thus, the once complacent administration immediately scrambled unto their feet and declared numerous emergencies, lock-downs, and quarantine as a late attempt to contain the rapid spread of the disease.

Using his peculiar sense of urgency, the President asked the Congress to declare a “national emergency” and grant him at least 18 powers, including the takeover of private businesses. The first glimpse of a supposedly solution strategy only came almost a month after the first confirmed case in the Philippines; however, instead of being reassured, Filipino citizens were outraged by the request. They voiced out concerns and doubts about the purpose and usage of said powers throughout their social media accounts. Why would Duterte need additional powers if he hasn’t even fully utilized the bestowed presidential powers upon him to combat the COVID-19 pandemic? Even Senate President Sotto said they won’t grant any emergency powers, and Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea further clarified that the powers were mere “standby” in case of extreme situations stemming from the health crisis. However, the ‘Bayanihan to Heal as One’ bill pushed through the Congress albeit with numerous revisions of unconstitutional provisions such as limiting the takeover of private businesses to medical-related facilities, changing the extension policies, and amending the budgetary provisions.

Alas, his version of outmoded antivirus was finally updated. A new powerful anti-malware promoted as fully customized for putting a halt to the novel coronavirus emerged, but one should expect a hefty price to pay after such a glamorous and tempting upgrade.

There are other provisions prone to misuse and abuse in the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act but the most pressing clause would be on fake information. Under Section 6, all 8 acts including the spreading of fake and alarming information are punished by 2 months in prison, up to P1 million in fines, or both. This last-minute addition to the law was vaguely and broadly worded without clear guidelines and definition regarding “fake news”. This uncertainty may be deliberate to allow utilization of said provision not just against spread of fake information but also to silence the voice of the opposition. The clause may be abused to silence press freedom like an intentional loophole in a seemingly powerful antivirus to allow penetration of other malwares just like the work of a true fascist mastermind. This fear becoming a reality has already started with the arrest of 32 netizens allegedly spreading fake news. The clause also fuels the justification of people stomping the right of others to voice out their opinions, such as the incident of forced public apology from Joshua Molo, editor-in-chief of the Dawn, the official student newspaper of the University of the East.

The path we’re fearing to tread may have already been run by the citizens of Hungary when their prime minister, Viktor Orban, signed a new legislation. With COVID-19 also his guise, he was granted powers of a state of emergency with no time limit, ruling by decree, suspended elections, and his own version of media silencing was passed. The world may not be looking at a mere history repeating itself but a birth of an autocrat with an unprecedented power. COVID-19, as stated by Washington Post, may have killed its first democracy. In the Philippine context, the power-hungry and abusive will never let a good crisis go to waste. What Orban paved may just be the start of a new corrupting trend more vicious than our dictatorial past, of a novel history becoming a recurring pattern. With already fickle democracies infiltrated by numerous fascist leaders in recent years, the birth of one autocrat will surely inspire the dishonorable officials into their own rebirth.

The grant of additional powers to the President may seem as the awaited solution that people were hoping for; however, extraordinary powers can be deduced to just mere powers without concrete plan of actions and its lawful execution. Truth to be told, much more must have been done by the President even without any additional powers. It is especially concerning as almost all said powers were already covered by existing laws distributed under different agencies more capable of exercising these duties and in doing so, freeing other burdens of the president himself.

Installation of multiple antivirus with minor differences will not guarantee success especially if not utilized to eliminate their target threat. As fanatics always say when Duterte’s incompetence and carelessness are being called out, “Tao lang din ang presidente.” If that is the case, why did they allow putting all these responsibilities in the shoulders of one man? It’s like permitting the concentration of simultaneous processes in an already slow and virus-infected system. Thus, the Bayanihan to Heal as One also puts the country under state of emergency; it boils down to the execution of an evil scheme with its first step: monopolizing all authorities.
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𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙴𝚁 𝙲𝙾𝙳𝙴:
𝙸𝚏 (𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚏𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚝=𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚜; 𝚛𝚎𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚜=𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚜; 𝚐𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚙𝚜=𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚣𝚎). . .
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 𝚟𝚊𝚕𝚞𝚎(𝚏𝚊𝚜𝚌𝚒𝚜𝚖)=𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎 𝚡𝟷𝟶𝟶𝟶
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 <𝙸𝙼𝙿𝙻𝙴𝙼𝙴𝙽𝚃> (𝚜𝚑𝚘𝚘𝚝.𝚝𝚘.𝚔𝚒𝚕𝚕.)
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 <𝙼𝙾𝙱𝙸𝙻𝙸𝚉𝙴> (𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚕𝚕.𝚊𝚛𝚖𝚢.)
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 <𝚁𝙴𝙻𝙴𝙰𝚂𝙴> (𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜; 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚙𝚘𝚎𝚗𝚊𝚜)
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 <𝙰𝚃𝚃𝙰𝙲𝙺> (𝚊𝚕𝚕_𝚘𝚙𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗)

𝘽𝙖𝙨𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙮, 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙩 𝙘𝙤𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙬𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙨: “𝙄𝙛 𝙮𝙤𝙪 𝙨𝙝𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙜𝙤 𝙖𝙜𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩 𝙢𝙚, 𝙮𝙤𝙪 𝙬𝙞𝙡𝙡 𝙣𝙤𝙩 𝙨𝙪𝙘𝙘𝙚𝙚𝙙.”

Rodrigo Duterte’s anti-poor governance continues to reveal itself, and just as it was in the time of the late Ferdinand Marcos, no activist could have done a better job at inducing dissent than the President himself — for the man had managed to open the eyes of even the rich and privileged in this time of crisis. From day one, Duterte’s outright critics were the progressive groups and left-leaning organizations, and it is exactly for this reason that the President seems to be under the impression that these groups of Filipinos are responsible for the current corresponding chaos in the nation.

Violence? Protests? Hunger? Such are not caused by left-wing and grassroots activists, who alternatively demand for mass testing and swift aid. No, such are caused by the current administration, to the very people they have sworn to serve. Progressives have done nothing else but attempt to mitigate the damage caused by government neglect and inconsideration, encouraging the people that not all hope is lost — that collective action still remains. Perhaps they are all “playing hero,” but only because the government can’t seem to act its role. Awakened eyes cause social unrest, just as gaining knowledge causes the absence of ignorance. Hence, the expert coder finds it harder to manipulate, and is left with no choice but to mobilize a troll army of blind followers and faithful believers — coded to repress online dissent and use fear and abuse to silence.

That’s what the President wants us to see. After all, this is not his first attempt in hacking the nation’s freedom of speech. One would think that having attained such advancements in technology, our ever-changing world would have made it already impossible for computers and cellphones to be subject to viruses ever again. However, this is simply not the case. Just as it is with anything in this world, even viruses have found a way to evolve — to shape-shift and adapt to different forms. In the hands of one expert, fascist hacker, even viruses have found themselves able to penetrate systems in the blink of an eye; destroying whatever has already been created, and rendering our Filipino audiences blind. A culture of fear, silence, and immobility — that is what the President’s virus has created. The possibility that we all fall victim to such a virus is a looming threat to most; that we all become members of his homogeneous, sightless, and mute group of followers, sharing one principle and one glorified idol.

Perhaps because Duterte has unfurled to us the predicaments of the past, he remains confident in the chilling effect that will consequently hover over the people. So he says to his people nonsensical threats such as: “𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘮 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘥.” What a laughable thing to say under the threat of a global pandemic. ‘𝘞𝘩𝘰𝘮 𝘴𝘩𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘸𝘦 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘵 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘥?’ sparks wonder, as we observe the round after round release of violent threats, late night press releases, and subpoenas from our government — as we observe the administration resemble a machine gun firing bullet after bullet to have the enemy retreat and hide. And yet, once again we wonder: “𝘉𝘶𝘵 𝘪𝘴𝘯’𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘺 𝘢 𝘴𝘪𝘤𝘬𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴? 𝘈𝘯 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨? 𝘞𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘢𝘳 𝘪𝘴 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘗𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘧𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘥𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦𝘴?”

Instead of what ought to be peaceful resolutions between the national government and its citizens, pleas and demands are met with threats, and calls for immediate aid and financial assistance are met with force. Disenfranchised Filipinos are therefore forced to wait upon the promised delivery of their needs, albeit delayed, and as they wait are ordered to remain silent, forced to believe that their hunger will not kill them, and that this unaccountable, unjust, and offensive administration, subject to impunity, is the leader we ought to settle for. Thus social classes are left distracted, confused, and unsure as to who the real enemy is. A scapegoat must be made responsible for the government’s misdirection, and our professional coder would rather cower behind his guns and military men and make excuses under the guise of a sickness, than own up to his mistakes.
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𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙴𝚁 𝙲𝙾𝙳𝙴:
𝙸𝚏 𝚙𝚘𝚠𝚎𝚛(𝙿𝙴𝙾𝙿𝙻𝙴) > 𝚙𝚘𝚠𝚎𝚛(𝙶𝙾𝚅𝙴𝚁𝙽𝙼𝙴𝙽𝚃)
. . . 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚗 𝚙𝚘𝚠𝚎𝚛_𝚘𝚏𝚏 <𝙵𝙰𝚂𝙲𝙸𝚂𝙼>
//𝚜𝚢𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖.𝚛𝚎𝚋𝚘𝚘𝚝.𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗//

𝘼𝙢𝙞𝙙𝙨𝙩 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨, 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙡 𝙝𝙤𝙥𝙚; 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙫𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙥 𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙟𝙤𝙧 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙢𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙗𝙡𝙤𝙘𝙠.

The media watches as the President’s machismo turns in on itself, as he reveals himself to sound afraid. The fear over a virus would manifest itself in support and preparation for the health, medical, and sanitation aspects of our nation, whilst the fear of deposition from power manifests itself in increased military and defense spending, upgrades, and actions — all of which Duterte has already done.

The virus is still on the loose; however, the government has so far resorted to merely a succession of weak commands to combat this felony — isolation, contact tracing, and inadequate testing. Mass testing could’ve been the priority but bolstering the artillery of armed men became the coder’s focus. Getting into a failed democratic country turns out to be an ease of replication that adds much advantage to the notorious corona virus. Faced with the scarcity and maldistribution of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), medical practitioners are not only threatened with extreme risk of getting contaminated but are also distressed with the fact that over a hundred of the medical field have already ended up falling victim to this malware.

It should’ve been obvious — staying at home for long periods of time without a clear and comprehensive plan is like a rushed installation of an outdated antivirus, a frail line of defense to an already infected system. His stack of caustic responses only spell incompetence as he blindly dives into initiatives without prioritizing the identification of new hosts of virus replication. The vulnerable masses continue to be shunned out as they’re left greeted with anti-poor policies. Community quarantine — no matter how “enhanced” it may get — without efficient mass testing and adequate support for its citizens, is just another fancy term for mass arrest.

The Filipino constituents are therefore faced with two viruses at a time — a notorious corona virus that seamlessly latches itself on one hand, and a government staunch in disregarding dissent on the other. To make matters worse, these exist within two corrupt arenas: the political and health systems whose interconnectedness make the outcomes perilous and highly destructive especially to the vulnerable ones.

𝗜𝘁’𝘀 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗮 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗿𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝘁. 𝗪𝗲’𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗰𝗸 𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝘀 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝘀 𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗿𝘂𝗽𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗿𝘂𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗺. 𝗪𝗲 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿𝘀. 𝗪𝗲 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀. 𝗪𝗲 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗱𝘄𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗼𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝗷𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁’𝘀 𝗯𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘀𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗹𝘆 𝗳𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲 — 𝗶𝗳 𝘄𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗳𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝘀𝗼𝗼𝗻, 𝘄𝗲’𝗿𝗲 𝗷𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗰𝗸 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗰𝘆𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗹𝘀𝘁 𝘃𝗶𝗿𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝘄𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝘂𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗲.

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The Manila Collegian
The Manila Collegian

The Official Student Publication of the University of the Philippines Manila. Magna est veritas et prevaelebit.