System Design — Other Topics

Concepts and considerations for some topics in System Design

Table of Contents

1. Concurrency
2. Networking
3. Abstraction
4. Read-world performance and estimation
5. Map-reduce
6. Hadoop and Spark

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1. Concurrency

1.1 Threads and processes

• A thread is a basic unit of CPU utilization. It is also referred to as a “lightweight process”.
• A process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed. It contains the program code and its current activity. Depending on the operating system, a process may be made up of multiple threads of execution that execute instructions concurrently.
• CPU is not required when a process is handling the IO request.

1.2 Concurrency and parallelism

• Concurrency means executing multiple tasks at the same time but not necessarily simultaneously. In a single-core environment, concurrency is achieved via a process called…