Data Structures — Linked List

A linked list is a sequence of nodes where each node stores own data and a pointer to the location of the next node.

Applications of Linked Lists

1. Implementation of Other Data Structures:
   Linked lists serve as the foundation for various advanced data structures. They are crucial in the implementation of stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. The dynamic nature of linked lists allows for efficient manipulation and dynamic resizing, making them versatile in constructing complex data structures.
2. Stacks and Queues:
   Linked lists are integral to the implementation of both stacks and queues. The simplicity of adding and removing elements from the beginning or end of a linked list makes it an ideal choice for these fundamental data structures.
3. Trees and Graphs:
   In tree and graph structures, nodes are interconnected, and linked lists provide an intuitive way to represent these connections. Whether organizing data hierarchically or modeling relationships in a graph, linked lists offer flexibility and ease of traversal.

Variations of Linked Lists

1. Singly Linked Lists:
   Each node in a singly linked list points to the next node in the sequence. This basic form is efficient for straightforward linear traversal.
2. Doubly Linked Lists:
   In a doubly linked list, each node contains pointers to both the next and the previous nodes. This bidirectional linking facilitates easier traversal in both directions.
3. Circular Linked Lists:
   Circular linked lists form a closed loop, where the last node connects back to the first. This circular structure finds applications in scenarios where continuous cycling through elements is beneficial.

Overcoming Drawbacks

1. Lack of Random Access:
   While linked lists don’t support random access like arrays, their dynamic nature and efficient insertion/deletion capabilities often outweigh this limitation in scenarios where sequential access is sufficient.
2. Memory Overhead:
   The additional memory required for each link in a linked list can be a concern. However, the advantages in terms of dynamic resizing and efficient element manipulation often justify this trade-off.

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