A Nice Algebra Problem from the 2023 China Math Olympiad

The Chinese IMO team eat sequences like this for breakfast!*

Russell Lim
Nice Math Problems

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Image by author, Chinese flag from Wikimedia Commons

When it comes to Olympiad Mathematics, China rules.

The Chinese team has won the IMO (International Mathematical Olympiad) for the last 4 years, and has not finished outside the top 3 in the last 25 years.

China runs its National Olympiad earlier than most countries. All countries run it early in the year, using it as a key part of the IMO team selection process. But China goes one step further, running the 2023 Olympiad in December of 2022!

This article is about Problem 1 of the 2023 China Math Olympiad — the following two-part algebra problem.

Below I will explain my approach to investigating, understanding and attempting to solve this lovely problem.

There are 5 main sections in the article:

  1. Investigating the Problem
  2. Proving the Formula for {a_n}
  3. Proving the Formula for {b_n}
  4. Solution to Part 1
  5. Solution to Part 2

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Russell Lim
Nice Math Problems

I teach high school mathematics in Melbourne, Australia. I like thinking about interesting problems and learning new things.