The Impact of UNESCO World Heritage Sites on a Small Island in South Korea
Jeju Island is the largest island in South Korea and is famous for its natural landmarks, including geomorphologic formations, which were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. Therefore, the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes' status as a world heritage site has social, cultural, and economic influence. This recognition encompasses three main sites: the Geomunoreum Lava Tube System, Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Cone, and Mount Hallasan, which are representative examples.
Geomunoreum Lava Tube System
The Geomunoreum Lava Tube System is the best lava tube in the world, as they have said. These tubes were created through volcanic activity and gave a special view into the island's geological past. The system comprises several famous tubes, such as Manjanggul, one of the world's largest caves of the lava tube type. The large number of passages in Manjanggul are beautifully decorated with such features as lava stalactites and stalagmites, which has drawn the attention of scientists and tourists.
Hence, the effects of UNESCO listing on Geomunoreum have been tremendous. It has led to active attempts to protect the site from overexploitation by developers and others, as well as attempts to conserve the site and study it for further understanding of the past. The site has become a destination of interest for many tourists, increasing the revenue of the local people through sales of tourism-related products such as tour guides, accommodation, and other services.
Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Cone
Seongsan Ilchulbong, or Sunrise Peak, is a tuff cone, a kind of volcanic structure formed through hydrovolcanic explosions. Standing 182 meters above sea level, it has a good view of the sea around Jeju Island. The crater at the summit is a green area that attracts hikers, especially at the break of dawn, when people go there to have their sunrise devotion, as it is believed to be lucky.
Seongsan Ilchulbong is not simply a natural landmark but a culturally rich one. That is why the site is saturated with legends and traditions of the local population; it has become an object of cultural tourism. The area remains unspoiled mainly due to the status that UNESCO has given it, and measures have been put in place to ensure that the number of tourists is manageable for the area. This has included the provision of environmentally sustainable structures and awareness creation of the geological and archeological significance of the place.
Mount Hallasan
Jeju is an island dominated by the shield volcano Mount Hallasan, which at 1,950 meters is the highest point in South Korea. The mountain is also a habitat of many plant and animal species, some of which are unique to the area. Located around the mountain, Hallasan National Park has many trails for hikers, one of which leads to the crater lake at the top of the mountain. In addition, there are ecological research opportunities.
The inscription of Hallasan into the UNESCO list has highlighted the need for its preservation in the future. Measures have been taken to conserve the mountain's biodiversity and encourage ecotourism. Educational activities and guided tours are provided to raise awareness regarding Hallasan’s ecological importance and the need to protect its environment.
Economic and Social Impacts
The economic benefits of UNESCO designation are evident in the increased tourism that Jeju Island has experienced. The global recognition has attracted international tourists, contributing to the local economy through spending on hotels, restaurants, and various tourism-related activities. The development of sustainable tourism infrastructure has also created jobs and supported local businesses.
However, the surge in tourism has also presented challenges. The environmental impact of increased foot traffic and the need for infrastructure to support tourists can strain local resources. Jeju has implemented measures to balance tourism with environmental conservation to address these issues. Initiatives such as limiting the number of visitors to sensitive areas and promoting eco-friendly practices are essential to maintaining the island's natural and cultural heritage.
Conclusion
The designation of Jeju’s volcanic features as UNESCO World Heritage sites has brought global recognition to the island’s natural beauty and cultural significance. While this has boosted tourism and economic growth, it also necessitates careful management to preserve the island’s unique environment and heritage. Sustainable tourism practices and community involvement are key to maintaining the delicate balance between development and preservation in Jeju.
References
“Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes.” UNESCO World Heritage Centre, whc.unesco.org.
“UNESCO World Heritage Series: Part 2 — Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes.” Asia Society, asiasociety.org.
“Tourists’ shifting perceptions of UNESCO heritage sites: lessons from Jeju Island-South Korea.” Emerald Insight, emerald.com.
