Agriculture & Women In South Africa
Translated to ENG, Zulu, Sotho
by Lindi Nzwana
My story as a woman farmer in the era of climate change disasters:
Climate Change and Subsistence Farming in South African Communities:
My name is Lindi Nzwana, I am a middle-aged micro farmer, a single mother of two boys. I first went into farming as means to alleviate poverty that we were faced with as a community with no job opportunities and a high rate of unemployment.
I had to make means to feed my children and take them to school so that, they have better opportunities than myself. I joined a cooperative of a youth group called Youth Agricultural Ambassadors, that is where I fell in love with using my hands to put food on the table and generate income just to get by. In learning different skills and farming methods, I fell in love with nature, soil and understood that once you take care of nature, it will also take care of you. We worked as a cooperative in a community garden where we planted different vegetables, as time progressed, we got a sponsorship and added piggery into the mix. We learned how nature, animals and human beings can relate to each other and how they depend on each other for survival. The pigs would feed on garden waste and their waste would work as organic manure, the sun and rain would enhance the process, we would benefit in so many ways as the people without using any chemicals but by understanding the process of ecology.
A few years down the line, we started feeling the impacts of climate change, experiencing changes in seasons, little rain and floods, droughts, and heat waves. Funny worms were coming out of the soil, our crops begun to shrink, and harvest got smaller and smaller. It became difficult and harder to sustain our lives as livelihood was gradually diminishing. We started consulting for different methods of farming and working with other cooperatives in agriculture to come together and approach marketplaces, government, and banks for help to sustain our livelihoods. As women in this sector, we were so marginalized, in the market space we were not given opportunities, only men got opportunities to the supply chain, men led cooperatives would get credit, land, tools and technology. As micro farmers we would also be marginalized over big corporates and industries when it comes to supply chains, credit, and land.
As black women farmers we suffered multiple intersections of race, gender, class, and age, as the country is facing triple challenges of poverty, inequalities, and unemployment. Most opportunities even in this sector would be given to age group of 18–35, majority of women between the ages of 36 and up are living below the poverty line, struggling to survive, and faced with an added burden of care work. Things got worse when the country was faced with shortage of water and energy crises, we are forced to buy pre-paid water and electricity, crime increased in our area, a transformer for electricity was stolen in our area, we are without electricity, no meaningful source of income and the area is prone to floods.
As a community organization we are involved in civil society’s engagements on climate change issues, where we get training and share knowledge and skills for adapting and building resilience. The knowledge, skills, training and sharing of traditional knowledge and information received from organization like GenderCC SA and Earthlife Africa JHB, has empowered us with coping skills and adaptive means but that is not enough. As local women, we are not protected by the policies, the current just transition framework is not representative of communities. The Vaal region where I live has high levels of air pollution from nearby industries, the pollution affects our health and the health care centre are a long distance to get there, water and crops are also affected by this pollution. Heat waves are longer and hotter, heavy rains and floods are more frequent. Climate change has shifted the odds and changed the natural limits.
Farming in our area is largely affected by drought, heat waves and floods, when there is drought, the soil is dry and hard, making it difficult to plant, the next season will bring heavy rains that results in floods, whatever we managed to salvage from the dry season will be washed away in floods. Even the compost we make from organic matter that we use to till the soil as natural fertilizers dries up during dry season and get washed away with floods, during rainy seasons we experience soil erosion especially when topsoil is removed by fierce winds. Small scale women farmers are really suffering as they have no other means to survive and sustain their livelihoods.
The food insecurity prevailing in the country is caused by impacts of climate change on agriculture which resulted in rising food costs. Vulnerable communities like where I live are hardest hit as 90% of the working class in these communities is unemployed and we are in the lowest income bracket. We live below the poverty line, small scale farming is our only source of livelihood, nutrition and means of surviving. With no means of adapting to these impacts, no access to credit, technology and to the market value chain like industrial farmers and Agribusiness and little access to water to sustain our food gardens, as micro farmers we remain despondent.
The stark contrast between the profit-driven, biodiversity destroying, carbon intensive and toxic agribusiness and the efforts of vulnerable communities to provide healthy and nutritious food for their families and care for the environment is demotivating for us. If the government can use the same amount of effort and enthusiasm, they use during elections to address climate change, environmental degradation, protection of the ecosystem and eradication of inequalities, there would be much more progress in addressing climate change in the country.
Micro farmers need support from government in terms of access to resources, technology, finance, and intervention to promote Agroecology and Permaculture farming for organic, sustainable, and regenerative farming methods. A transition in agricultural practices is needed to face issues connected to climate emergency and sustainable practices.
South Africa is classified as a semi-arid country with only 11% of land in SA is considered arable, of which only 3% is truly fertile soil. None of the farmers have received a return on investment because the initial inputs we have purchased have yielded no benefit and we are suffering economic loss.
Finance for adaptation and loss and damage is needed and will help with rehabilitation, restorative and distributive justice coupled with political will and change of mindset towards gender equality and gender responsive and community led approaches to climate action.
Indaba yami njengomlimi wesifazane ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu:
Ukuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Nokulinywa Kokuziphilisa Emiphakathini YaseNingizimu Afrika:
Igama lami nginguLindi Nzwana, ngingumlimi omncane oneminyaka ephakathi nendawo, umama oyedwa wabafana ababili. Ngiqale ngangena kwezolimo njengendlela yokuqeda ububha ebesibhekene nabo siwumphakathi ongenawo amathuba omsebenzi nezinga eliphezulu labantu abangasebenzi.
Kwadingeka ngenze izindlela zokondla izingane zami futhi ngiziyise esikoleni ukuze, zibe namathuba angcono kunami. Ngajoyina umfelandawonye weqembu lentsha elibizwa ngokuthi iYouth Agricultural Ambassadors, nokuyilapho engaqala khona ukuthanda ukusebenzisa izandla ukubeka ukudla etafuleni nokwenza imali ukuze ngiziphilise. Ekufundeni amakhono ahlukene nezindlela zokulima, ngayithanda imvelo, inhlabathi futhi ngaqonda ukuthi uma usuyinakekele imvelo, nayo izokunakekela. Sasebenza njengomfelandawonye engadini yomphakathi lapho sasitshala khona imifino ehlukene, njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, sathola uxhaso futhi sengeza ingulube kule ngxube. Sifunde ukuthi imvelo, izilwane kanye nabantu bangahlobana kanjani nokuthi bancike komunye nomunye ukuze baphile. Izingulube zizodla imfucuza yasengadini kanti imfucuza yazo izosebenza njengomquba wemvelo, ilanga nemvula bekuzothuthukisa inqubo, sizozuza ngezindlela eziningi njengabantu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yimaphi amakhemikhali kodwa ngokuqonda inqubo ye-ecology.
Eminyakeni embalwa phansi komugqa, saqala ukuzwa umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, sibhekana nezinguquko ezinkathini zonyaka, imvula encane nezikhukhula, isomiso, namagagasi okushisa. Izikelemu ezihlekisayo zaziphuma emhlabathini, izitshalo zethu zaqala ukuncipha, futhi isivuno saba sincane ngokuba sincane. Kwaba nzima futhi kwaba nzima ukusekela ukuphila kwethu njengoba indlela yokuziphilisa yayincipha kancane kancane. Saqala ukubonisana ngezindlela ezahlukene zokulima nokusebenzisana namanye ama co-op kwezolimo ukuze sihlangane sikhulume nezimakethe, uhulumeni namabhange ukuze sithole usizo ukuze siqhubeke siphila. Njengabesifazane kulo mkhakha, besinganakwa kakhulu, ezimakethe asizange sinikwe amathuba, abesilisa kuphela abathola amathuba ophiko lwe-supply chain, imifelandawonye eholwa ngabesilisa izothola izikweletu, umhlaba, amathuluzi nobuchwepheshe. Njengabalimi abancane sizophinde sikhishwe inyumbazana ngaphezu kwezinkampani ezinkulu nezimboni uma kukhulunywa ngamaketango, izikweletu kanye nomhlaba.
Njengabalimi besifazane abamnyama sihlupheke ngokwehlukana kwezinhlanga, ubulili, isigaba, neminyaka, njengoba izwe libhekene nezinselelo ezintathu zobubha, ukungalingani kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Amathuba amaningi ngisho kulo mkhakha azonikezwa iqembu leminyaka engu-18–35, iningi labesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-36 nangaphezulu baphila ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu, badonsa kanzima ukuze baphile, futhi babhekene nomthwalo owengeziwe wokunakekela. Izinto zaba zimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi izwe libhekene nezinkinga zokushoda kwamanzi namandla, siphoqeleka ukuthi sithenge amanzi nogesi wekhadi, kwanda ubugebengu endaweni yethu, kwebiwa i-transformer kagesi endaweni yethu, asinawo ugesi, cha. umthombo ophusile wemali engenayo futhi indawo ijwayele ukuba nezikhukhula.
Njengenhlangano yomphakathi sibambe iqhaza ekuxoxisaneni kwemiphakathi mayelana nezindaba zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, lapho sithola khona ukuqeqeshwa futhi sabelane ngolwazi namakhono okuzivumelanisa nezimo nokwakha ukuqina. Ulwazi, amakhono, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi lwendabuko nolwazi olutholwe enhlanganweni efana ne-GenderCC SA kanye ne-Earthlife Africa JHB, kusinikeze amandla ngamakhono okubhekana nesimo kanye nezindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kodwa lokho akwanele. Njengabesifazane bendawo, asivikelwe yizinqubomgomo, uhlaka olukhona lwezinguquko olulungile alumele imiphakathi. Isifunda saseVaal engihlala kuso sinezinga eliphezulu lokunukubezeka komoya okuvela ezimbonini eziseduze, ukungcola kuthinta impilo yethu futhi isikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo sikubanga elide ukufika lapho, amanzi nezitshalo nazo ziyathinteka kulokhu kungcola. Amagagasi okushisa made futhi ayashisa, izimvula ezinamandla nezikhukhula zivame kakhulu. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuye kwashintsha izingqinamba futhi kwashintsha imingcele yemvelo.
Ukulima endaweni yakithi kukhahlanyezwa kakhulu yisomiso, amagagasi okushisa nezikhukhula, uma kunesomiso, inhlabathi yomile futhi iqinile, okwenza kube nzima ukutshala, isizini ezayo izoletha izimvula ezinamandla ezidala izikhukhula, noma yini esikwazile ukuyihlenga. kusukela ngenkathi eyomile izokhukhulwa yizikhukhula. Ngisho nomquba esiwenza ngezinto eziphilayo esiwusebenzisa ukulima umhlabathi njengoba umanyolo wemvelo uyoma ngesikhathi esomile futhi ukhukhulwe yizikhukhula, ngezikhathi zemvula sibhekana nokuguguleka komhlabathi ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi engaphezulu isuswa umoya onamandla. Abalimi besifazane abancane bahlupheka ngempela njengoba bengenazo ezinye izindlela zokuziphilisa nokuziphilisa.
Ukushoda kokudla okukhona ezweni kudalwa wukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwezolimo okuholele ekunyukeni kwezindleko zokudla. Imiphakathi ehluphekayo njengalapho ngihlala khona yiyona ethinteke kakhulu njengoba u-90% wabasebenzi kule miphakathi abasebenzi futhi sihola kancane. Siphila ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu, ukulima kwabancane ukuphela komthombo wethu yemali engenayo futhi indawo ijwayele ukuba nezikhukhula.
Njengenhlangano yomphakathi sibambe iqhaza ekuxoxisaneni kwemiphakathi mayelana nezindaba zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, lapho sithola khona ukuqeqeshwa futhi sabelane ngolwazi namakhono okuzivumelanisa nezimo nokwakha ukuqina. Ulwazi, amakhono, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi lwendabuko nolwazi olutholwe enhlanganweni efana ne-GenderCC SA kanye ne-Earthlife Africa JHB, kusinikeze amandla ngamakhono okubhekana nesimo kanye nezindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kodwa lokho akwanele. Njengabesifazane bendawo, asivikelwe yizinqubomgomo, uhlaka olukhona lwezinguquko olulungile alumele imiphakathi. Isifunda saseVaal engihlala kuso sinezinga eliphezulu lokunukubezeka komoya okuvela ezimbonini eziseduze, ukungcola kuthinta impilo yethu futhi isikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo sikubanga elide ukufika lapho, amanzi nezitshalo nazo ziyathinteka kulokhu kungcola. Amagagasi okushisa made futhi ayashisa, izimvula ezinamandla nezikhukhula zivame kakhulu. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuye kwashintsha izingqinamba futhi kwashintsha imingcele yemvelo.
Ukulima endaweni yakithi kukhahlanyezwa kakhulu yisomiso, amagagasi okushisa nezikhukhula, uma kunesomiso, inhlabathi yomile futhi iqinile, okwenza kube nzima ukutshala, isizini ezayo izoletha izimvula ezinamandla ezidala izikhukhula, noma yini esikwazile ukuyihlenga. kusukela ngenkathi eyomile izokhukhulwa yizikhukhula. Ngisho nomquba esiwenza ngezinto eziphilayo esiwusebenzisa ukulima umhlabathi njengoba umanyolo wemvelo uyoma ngesikhathi esomile futhi ukhukhulwe yizikhukhula, ngezikhathi zemvula sibhekana nokuguguleka komhlabathi ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi engaphezulu isuswa umoya onamandla. Abalimi besifazane abancane bahlupheka ngempela njengoba bengenazo ezinye izindlela zokuziphilisa nokuziphilisa.
Ukushoda kokudla okukhona ezweni kudalwa wukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwezolimo okuholele ekunyukeni kwezindleko zokudla. Imiphakathi ehluphekayo njengalapho ngihlala khona yiyona ethinteke kakhulu njengoba u-90% wabasebenzi kule miphakathi abasebenzi futhi sihola kancane. Siphila ngaphansi kwesigaba sobumpofu, ukulima ngezinga elincane ukuphela kwendlela yokuziphilisa, ukudla okunomsoco kanye nezindlela zokuphila. Njengoba singenazo izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nale mithelela, akukho ukufinyelela kwezikweletu, ubuchwepheshe kanye nochungechunge lwenani lemakethe njengabalimi bezimboni kanye ne-Agribusiness kanye nokufinyelela okuncane kwamanzi okusimamisa izingadi zethu zokudla, njengabalimi abancane sihlala sidangele.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuqhutshwa kwenzuzo okuqhutshwa yinzuzo, ukucekelwa phansi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ibhizinisi lezolimo elinekhabhoni nelinobuthi kanye nemizamo yemiphakathi esengozini yokuhlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo nokunomsoco emindenini yayo kanye nokunakekela imvelo kuyasikhuthaza. Uma uhulumeni engasebenzisa umzamo nomdlandla ofanayo, abawusebenzisa ngesikhathi sokhetho ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuqeda ukungalingani, kungaba nenqubekelaphambili enkulu ekubhekaneni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezweni.
Abalimi abancane badinga ukwesekwa kuhulumeni mayelana nokufinyelela ezinsizeni, ezobuchwepheshe, ezezimali, kanye nokungenelela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulima kwe-Agroecology kanye ne-Permaculture ukuze kusetshenziswe izindlela zokulima eziphilayo, ezisimeme, nezivuselelayo. Uguquko emikhubeni yezolimo luyadingeka ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga ezixhumene nezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezinqubo ezizinzile.
INingizimu Afrika ithathwa njengezwe elingenawo ugwadule futhi u-11% kuphela womhlaba eNingizimu Afrika othathwa njengolimekayo, okuyi-3% kuphela yawo umhlabathi ovundile ngempela. Akekho kubalimi othole imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali ngenxa yokuthi izinto esizithengile azizange ziveze lutho futhi silahlekelwa umnotho.
Izimali zokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokulahlekelwa kanye nokulimala ziyadingeka futhi zizosiza ngokulungiswa, ukubuyisela kanye nokusabalalisa ubulungiswa obuhambisana nentando yezombangazwe kanye nokushintsha kwemiqondo mayelana nokulingana kobulili kanye nokusabela kobulili kanye nezindlela eziholwa ngumphakathi ezithinta isimo sezulu.
Pale ea ka joalo ka sehoai sa mosali nakong ea likoluoa tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo:
Phetoho ea Tlelaemete le Temo ea Boipheliso Metseng ea Afrika Boroa:
Lebitso la ka ke Lindi Nzwana. Ke ile ka qala ho kena temong e le mokhoa oa ho felisa bofuma boo re neng re tobane le bona re le sechaba se se nang menyetla ea mesebetsi le sekhahla se phahameng sa tlhokeho ea mesebetsi.
Ke ile ka tlameha ho etsa mokhoa oa ho fepa bana ba ka le ho ba isa sekolong e le hore, ba be le menyetla e metle ho mpheta. Ke ile ka kenela koporasi ea sehlopha sa bacha se bitsoang Youth Agricultural Ambassadors, ke moo ke ileng ka rata ho sebelisa matsoho ho beha lijo tafoleng le ho etsa chelete e le hore feela ke iphelisa. Ha ke ithuta litsebo tse fapaneng le mekhoa ea temo, ke ile ka rata tlhaho, mobu mme ka utloisisa hore hang ha u hlokomela tlhaho, e tla u hlokomela hape. Re ile ra sebetsa re le koporasi serapeng sa sechaba moo re neng re lema meroho e fapaneng, ha nako e ntse e ea, ra fumana tšehetso ea lichelete le ho kenya likolobe motsoakong. Re ithutile kamoo tlhaho, liphoofolo le batho ba ka amanang kateng le kamoo ba itšetlehileng ka e mong bakeng sa ho phela. Likolobe li ne li tla ja litšila tsa jareteng ‘me litšila tsa tsona li sebetsa joalo ka manyolo a tlhaho, letsatsi le pula li ne li tla ntlafatsa ts’ebetso, re tla rua molemo ka litsela tse ngata re le batho ntle le ho sebelisa lik’hemik’hale leha e le life empa ka ho utloisisa ts’ebetso ea ecology.
Lilemo tse ‘maloa ho theosa le moeli, re ile ra qala ho utloa litlamorao tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ho ba le liphetoho tsa linako tsa selemo, pula e nyane le likhohola, komello le maqhubu a mocheso. Liboko tse qabolang li ne li tsoa mobung, lijalo tsa rona tsa qala ho honyela, ‘me kotulo ea fokotseha. Ho ile ha e-ba thata le ho feta ho tšehetsa bophelo ba rōna kaha mokhoa oa boipheliso o ne o ntse o fokotseha butle-butle. Re ile ra qala ho buisana le mekhoa e fapaneng ea temo le ho sebetsa le likoporasi tse ling tsa temo hore re kopane le ho atamela limmaraka, mmuso le libanka ho fumana thuso ea ho iphelisa. Re le bo-‘m’e kahar’a lekala lena, re ne re qheletsoe ka thoko haholo, ‘marakeng ha rea ka ra fuoa menyetla, ke banna feela ba neng ba fumana menyetla ea ho ea ho supply chain, banna ba etelletseng pele likoporasi ba ne ba tla fumana mekitlane, mobu, lisebelisoa le theknoloji. Re le lihoai tse nyane hape re tla be re qheletsoe ka thoko ho feta likhoebo tse kholo le liindasteri ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho fana ka thepa, mekitlane le mobu.
Joaloka lihoai tsa basali ba batšo re ile ra sotleha ka litsela tse ngata tsa merabe, bong, maemo le lilemo, kaha naha e tobane le liqholotso tse tharo tsa bofuma, ho se lekane le tlhokeho ea mesebetsi. Menyetla e mengata esita le lekaleng lena e tla fuoa sehlopha sa lilemo tsa 18–35, boholo ba basali ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 36 ho ea holimo ba phela ka tlas’a bofuma, ba sokola ho phela, ‘me ba tobane le moroalo o eketsehileng oa mosebetsi oa tlhokomelo. Lintho li ile tsa mpefala ha naha e tobane le mathata a khaello ea metsi le motlakase, re qobelleha ho reka metsi le motlakase oa pre-paid, botlokotsebe bo ile ba eketseha sebakeng sa rona, ho ile ha utsuoa transformer ea motlakase sebakeng sa rona, ha re na motlakase, che. mohlodi o nang le moelelo wa lekeno mme sebaka se sekametse ho dikgohola.
Re le mokhatlo oa sechaba re kenya letsoho lipuisanong tsa mekhatlo ea sechaba ka litaba tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, moo re fumanang koetliso le ho arolelana tsebo le litsebo tsa ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho aha botsitso. Tsebo, litsebo, koetliso le ho arolelana tsebo ea setso le lintlha tse fumanoeng ho tsoa mokhatlong o kang GenderCC SA le Earthlife Africa JHB, li re matlafalitse ka litsebo tsa ho sebetsana le boemo le mekhoa ea ho ikamahanya le maemo empa hoo ha hoa lekana. Joalo ka basali ba lehae, ha re sirelelitsoe ke maano, moralo oa hajoale oa phetoho e nepahetseng ha o emele sechaba. Sebaka sa Vaal seo ke phelang ho sona se na le tšilafalo e phahameng ea moea ho tsoa liindastering tse haufi, tšilafalo e ama bophelo ba rona ‘me setsi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se hole haholo ho fihla moo, metsi le lijalo le tsona li angoa ke tšilafalo ena. Maqhubu a mocheso a telele le ho chesa, lipula tse matla le likhohola li atisa ho feta. Phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e fetotse litšitiso ‘me e fetotse meeli ea tlhaho.
Temo sebakeng sa rona e angoa haholo ke komello, maqhubu a mocheso le likhohola, ha komello e e-ba teng, mobu o omme ebile o thata, o thatafalloa ke ho lema, sehla se tlang se tla tlisa lipula tse matla tse bakang likhohola, eng kapa eng eo re khonneng ho e pholosa. ho tloha nakong ea komello ho tla hoholoa ke likhohola. Le mosuela oo re o etsang ka lintho tse phelang tseo re li sebelisang ho lema mobu kaha manyolo a tlhaho a omella nakong ea komello ebe o hoholeha ke likhohola, linakong tsa lipula re ba le khoholeho ea mobu haholo ha mobu o ka holimo o tlosoa ke moea o matla. Lihoai tse nyenyane tsa basali li hlile li sotlehile kaha ha li na mokhoa o mong oa ho iphelisa le ho iphelisa.
Khaello ea lijo e atileng naheng ena e bakoa ke litlamorao tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo temong e bakileng ho nyoloha ha theko ea lijo. Baahi ba tlokotsing joalo ka moo ke phelang teng ke bona ba anngoeng ke koluoa haholo-holo kaha karolo ea 90 lekholong ea basebetsi metseng ena ha e na mesebetsi ‘me re boemong bo tlaase ka ho fetisisa. Re phela ka tlas’a bofuma, temo e nyenyane ke eona feela mohloli oa boipheliso, phepo e nepahetseng le mekhoa ea ho phela. Ka ho se na mekhoa ea ho ikamahanya le litlamorao tsena, ho se na monyetla oa ho fumana mokoloto, theknoloji le ketane ea boleng ba mebaraka joalo ka lihoai tsa indasteri le khoebo ea temo le phihlello e nyane ea metsi ho boloka lirapa tsa rona tsa lijo, joalo ka lihoai tse nyane re ntse re nyahame.
Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa phaello e khannoang, ho senya mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng, khoebo ea temo e nang le k’habone le chefo le boiteko ba sechaba se tlokotsing sa ho fana ka lijo tse phetseng hantle le tse matlafatsang bakeng sa malapa a bona le tlhokomelo ea tikoloho lia re nyahamisa. Haeba ‘muso o ka sebelisa boiteko le cheseho e tšoanang, tseo ba li sebelisang nakong ea likhetho ho sebetsana le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ho senyeha ha tikoloho, ho sireletsa tikoloho le ho felisa ho se lekane, ho ka ba le tsoelo-pele e ngata ho sebetsana le phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo ka har’a naha.
Lihoai tse nyane li hloka tšehetso ho tsoa ho mmuso mabapi le phihlello ea lisebelisoa, theknoloji, lichelete, le ho kenella ho khothaletsa temo ea Agroecology le Permaculture bakeng sa mekhoa ea temo ea manyolo, e tšoarellang le e nchafatsang. Phetoho ea mekhoa ea temo ea hlokahala ho tobana le litaba tse amanang le maemo a tšohanyetso a boemo ba leholimo le mekhoa e tšoarellang.
Afrika Borwa e kgethelwa e le naha e omeletseng e batlang e omeletse e nang le 11% feela ya mobu Afrika e nkuwang e ka lengwa, moo 3% feela e leng mobu o nonneng. Ha ho le ea mong oa lihoai ea fumaneng phaello ho tsetelong hobane lisebelisuoa tsa pele tseo re li rekileng ha lia hlahisa molemo ‘me re lahleheloa ke moruo.
Lichelete bakeng sa ho ikamahanya le maemo le tahlehelo le ts’enyehelo lia hlokahala ‘me li tla thusa ka tokiso, tsosoloso le toka ea kabo e tsamaellanang le thato ea lipolotiki le phetoho ea maikutlo mabapi le tekano ea tekano le ho arabela ka bong le mekhoa e etelletsoeng pele ke sechaba mabapi le ketso ea boemo ba leholimo.
