Bioinformatics

What is Bioinformatics?

Bioinformatics is a multidisciplinary approach

Bioinformatics is a new branch in the science world. Bioinformatics comes with many opportunities for us.

The term bioinformatics was invented by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper in 1970.

Bioinformatics name joins two-part of the word.

1. Bio means biology
2. Informatique (a french word) meaning data processing

Bioinformatics

In Bioinformatics, many companies or people give different definitions. in the article, we list out some important definitions

1. Bioinformatics is the field in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline for managing and analyzing biological data using advanced computing techniques.
2. The combination ( or join ) of biology and information technology.
3. The stored data is available in the form of sequences and structures of proteins and nucleic acid.
4. The science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data such as genetic codes.
5. It involves the computational tool and method used to manage, analyze and manipulate volumes and volumes of biological data.

Multidisciplinary approach

The multidisciplinary approach means bioinformatics work with lots filed like computer science, biology, mathematics, biotech, statics, and biochemistry.

History

Over a century ago, bioinformatics history started with an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel. He is known as the “Father of Genetics.” He clearly defines statics data studies on plants. after Mendel, many new scientists come and try to find discoveries in the human world.

In the article, We discuss some major discoveries in the world.

1. The term bioinformatics was first introduced by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper in 1970.
2. In 1972, Paul berg made the first recombinant DNA molecule using the ligase. That same year, Stanley Cohen, Annie Chang, and Herbert Boyer produced the first recombinant DNA organism.
3. Joseph Sambrook led a team that refined DNA electrophoresis using agarose gel in 1975
4. By 1977, a method for sequencing DNA was discovered, and the first genetic engineering company, Genetech, was founded.
5. In 1978, David Botstein discovered Restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( RFLP).
6. In 1980, Kary Mullis invented polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
7. In 1982, the Genetics computer group (GCG) was created as a part of the University of Wisconsin biotechnology center.
8. In 1986, The SWISS-PORT Database was created by the Department of medical biochemistry of the university of geneva and the European molecular biology laboratory ( EMBL).
9. In 1987, the use of yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC) Was described.
10. In 1987, the human genome initiative was started
11. In 1990, the BLAST program was implemented
12. In 1991, the first time the term bioinformatic appeared in the scientific literature.
13. In 1992, a genetics linkage map of the entire human genome was published.
14. In 1996, Affymetrix produced the first commercial DNA chips.
15. In 1996, the cloned sheep Dolly was born on July 5, 1996.
16. In 1998, the swiss institute of biotechnology was established as a non-profit foundation.
17. In 1999, the human chromosome was completely sequenced.
18. In 2000, international research was sequenced.
19. In 2000, the international research consortium published chromosome 21.
20. In 2001, the human genome ( 3000 Mbp) was published
21. In 2003 the human genome project was completed in April 2003
22. In 2005, the genome sequence of rice was completed

Scope of bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is a multidisciplinary approach. Bioinformatics combining many scientific fields. That reason, bioinformatics's scope very wide. Bioinformatics cover all major fields.

• Molecular Medicine
• Drug Therapy
• Microbial genome applications
• Forensic analysis of microbes
• Bioweapon creation
• Biotechnology
• Biological computation
• Bioengineering
• Biology
• Artificial intelligence
• Data mining
• Image processing
• Computational biology
• Statistics
• Mathematics
• Molecular biology
• Genetics

Where bioinformatics help

• Experiment molecular biology
• In genetics and genomics
• Generating biological data
• Analysis of gene and proteins expression
• Comparison genomic data
• Simulation & Modeling of DNA, RNA & Protein

Software and tool in bioinformatics

In bioinformatics lots of tools in the market, some free (open-source) and paid. In this field, I watch very few software as paid rest of free and open-source.

• BLAST
• FAST
• BioJS
• Biopython
• Bali-Phy
• BioPHP

All tools or software

List of bioinformatics software

Open-Source software

List of open-source bioinformatics software

Database

In 2021 bioinformatics provides lots of databases created by a scientist—database help store biological data on the internet and share it worldwide with an opensource license.

• NCBI Database
• Protein Data Bank
• UniProt

Many databases are currently available on the internet. You check out all biological databases, follow with this link.

List of biological databases

Application of bioinformatics

Bioinformatics workaround biology and computer science. That reason the bioinformatics application list is huge. But I tell you a few of that. which are very important in bioinformatics

• Sequence mapping of biomolecules ( DNA, RNA, and Proteins).
• Finding of sites that restriction enzymes can cut
• Prediction of functional gene products
• Design 3d Structure of the molecule

References

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics: History, Coverage, Components, and Applications

Recommended book for you.

Conclusion

Bioinformatics is a new branch of the science world. Many opportunities and discoveries in this field are pending.

Suppose you think and are inserted in bioinformatics that is the right time to start learning. Right now, lots of YouTubers and courses available on the internet. You just set your own mind start learning. Your future is very bright in bioinformatics.