Reverse Engineering of the Anubis Malware — Part 1
This article is divided in two parts:
- Reverse Engineering of the Anubis Malware — Part 1
- Reverse Engineering of the Anubis Malware — Part 2
Introduction
On Friday, the awesome Nikolaos Chrysaidos, a Mobile Threats & Security Researcher for Avast Antivirus, found a banking trojan called “HD TV Italy” in the Google Play Store and published it on Twitter.
Following this tweet, the also awesome Lukas Stefanko, a Malware Researcher at ESET, published a video to explain how to remove this malware.
Analysis of “HD TV Italy”
If you follow me on Twitter, you start to know me, I love this kind of challenge. First thing first, let’s see the Google Play Store page of this app.
This app has been installed only 1000 times, so this application did not infect many victims. Interesting note, the developer email address is dakaihe@gmail.com.
Static Analysis
1) I downloaded the app from the Play Store and transferred it to my pc.
2) An APK is a ZIP file, so I unzipped it and extracted the DEX file.
3) Thanks to jadx, I managed to obtain the decompiled source code from the extracted DEX file.
4) To finish, I used apktool to get the resources of the app.
Now, I have everything I need.
This app has the internet, read/write external storage, the access network state and request install packages permissions. This is interesting, this app will probably try to download and install an application.
This app has 2 activities: SplashActivity and MainActivity. SplashActivity is checking the connectivity and open MainActivity if a connection is present.
MainActivity is executing an AsyncTask which is downloading the “Protect Security Fix” app from http://185.243.112.188/ola.php. If you visit this page, you will see a link to http://www.meatspin.biz
It’s time to study the stage 2!
Analysis of “Protect Security Fix”
Static Analysis
By repeating the steps above, I managed to get the decompiled source code of the “Protect Security Fix” APK.
I opened the AndroidManifest.xml file and I saw 203 errors… As you can see, jadx didn’t give us all the decompiled source code. So, the code is probably loaded dynamically.
In order to find from where the code is loaded, I decided to hook the DexClassLoader class. There are multiple ways to do that and it’s a little bit out of subject for this article, it’s probably worth an article.
After opening the app, I saw that the app is dynamically loading the zjevtpt.jar file located in /data/data/com.shrqxmpehae.fywmridpa/app_files/ folder. Thanks to jadx, I decompiled zjevtpt.jar and added the decompiled source code to my previous Gradle project. Now, we have everything we need, it’s time to analyse our malware!
We can recheck the AndroidManifest.xml. As you can see the label is interesting: Protect Security Fix 10.2018.102. 10 is probably for October, 2018 the year and 102 the version? It looks like we have the latest version of this malware.
According to his permissions, this malware can read/write/send SMS, made a phone call, get the location, open the mic and record audio, read contacts, show alert windows and bypass the battery optimisations.
Finally, we can observe that some classes are still missing. We can make the hypothesis that these classes are deprecated.
By briefly reading the decompiled source code, we can distinguish 4 packages:
- com.calact.supstre: A lot of unused classes. These classes declare a bunch of strings which has no sense like “rpkimu sdolcs npenen idstxrt fkerdn ertsni” for example. It’s difficult to understand this package by briefly reading the code, we will come back to it in the Part 2.
- com.ktdorp.ktdorp: Only one file in this package, lMKnYPbLKDfA.java. The use of ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream suggest that this class is used to load the resource dynamically.
- com.shrqxmpehae.fywmridpa: This is where the malicious services are implemented.
- android.support.ktdorp: Weird. The obfuscation used is the same than the other classes. But it seems to be an util package written by somebody else.
As the code is not totally obfuscated, we can probably find some interesting strings.
Searching “http” returns:
- https://twitter.com/salupko
- https://ygftgdyhrgf7aiy48u3oueou8r4844.online
- http://sositehuypidarasi.com
- http://ktosdelaetskrintotpidor.com
- http://en.utrace.de
- https://support.google.com/calendar/answer/6261951?hl=en&co=GENIE.Platform=Android
The malware is uses the Twitter account @salupko. This account has been created in October 2018 and his only tweet has been made on October 4th. The malware is getting the content between <zero></zero> and decode it. We will see how to decode it in the Part 2 article.
ygftgdyhrgf7aiy48u3oueou8r4844.online does not exist…interesting…
sositehuypidarasi.com and ktosdelaetskrintotpidor.com has been register in Russia. Scanning these websites is probably a good idea.
Searching “php” returns:
- add_inj.php
- /private/checkPanel.php
- /private/getfiles.php
- /private/set_data.php
- /private/tuk_tuk.php
- /private/settings.php
- /private/add_log.php
- /private/set_location.php
- /private/getSettingsAll.php
- /private/setAllSettings.php
- /private/getDataCJ.php
- /private/setDataCJ.php
- /private/add_inj.php
- /private/locker.php
- /private/datakeylogger.php
- /private/sound.php
- /private/playprot.php
- /private/spam.php
- /private/ratgate.php
Two things here. These PHP file names are well known, they are coming from the Maza-In malware shared in a Russian forum in 2016. So this Anubis malware derivates from the Maza-In malware.
Moreover, the file names are interesting and give us an idea of the capabilities of the malware.
Conclusion
In this article, I tried to show you my process to analyse a malware, how to get what you need and what you have to look for. I did not analyse the code in this article, this is intended. The goal of this article was to show you the number of information you can retrieve without looking at the code. In the Part 2 article, I will analyse the code and make the dynamic analysis of this malware.
Edit: I shared on GitHub the samples studied in this story
If you like this article, feel free to follow me on Twitter
APPENDIX
IOCs
APKs
- com.qwasdrqw.ital_film: 79c29b79f119a453efd27117c641f73cab4aad76f1f94d9ae538c0a4d4f85ca7
- com.shrqxmpehae.fywmridpa: dd60d79c08b5eb50de4ec47cb1e52a1a6c1a5abc25a302db9b2ab1685730203d
Jars
- deb319019ba88acf8e5fb1b594525f28487e111e6fd641c7dbb23551f7925570
Sites
- 185.243.112.188
- www.meatspin.biz
- https://twitter.com/salupko
- https://ygftgdyhrgf7aiy48u3oueou8r4844.online
- http://sositehuypidarasi.com
- http://ktosdelaetskrintotpidor.com
Strings
- add_inj.php
- /private/checkPanel.php
- /private/getfiles.php
- /private/set_data.php
- /private/tuk_tuk.php
- /private/settings.php
- /private/add_log.php
- /private/set_location.php
- /private/getSettingsAll.php
- /private/setAllSettings.php
- /private/getDataCJ.php
- /private/setDataCJ.php
- /private/add_inj.php
- /private/locker.php
- /private/datakeylogger.php
- /private/sound.php
- /private/playprot.php
- /private/spam.php
- /private/ratgate.php
Targeted apps
at.spardat.bcrmobile
at.spardat.netbanking
com.bankaustria.android.olb
com.bmo.mobile
com.cibc.android.mobi
com.rbc.mobile.android
com.scotiabank.mobile
com.td
cz.airbank.android
eu.inmite.prj.kb.mobilbank
com.bankinter.launcher
com.kutxabank.android
com.rsi
com.tecnocom.cajalaboral
es.bancopopular.nbmpopular
es.evobanco.bancamovil
es.lacaixa.mobile.android.newwapicon
com.dbs.hk.dbsmbanking
com.FubonMobileClient
com.hangseng.rbmobile
com.MobileTreeApp
com.mtel.androidbea
com.scb.breezebanking.hk
hk.com.hsbc.hsbchkmobilebanking
com.aff.otpdirekt
com.ideomobile.hapoalim
com.infrasofttech.indianBank
com.mobikwik_new
com.oxigen.oxigenwallet
jp.co.aeonbank.android.passbook
jp.co.netbk
jp.co.rakuten_bank.rakutenbank
jp.co.sevenbank.AppPassbook
jp.co.smbc.direct
jp.mufg.bk.applisp.app
com.barclays.ke.mobile.android.ui
nz.co.anz.android.mobilebanking
nz.co.asb.asbmobile
nz.co.bnz.droidbanking
nz.co.kiwibank.mobile
com.getingroup.mobilebanking
eu.eleader.mobilebanking.pekao.firm
eu.eleader.mobilebanking.pekao
eu.eleader.mobilebanking.raiffeisen
pl.bzwbk.bzwbk24
pl.ipko.mobile
pl.mbank
alior.bankingapp.android
com.comarch.mobile.banking.bgzbnpparibas.biznes
com.comarch.security.mobilebanking
com.empik.empikapp
com.empik.empikfoto
com.finanteq.finance.ca
com.orangefinansek
eu.eleader.mobilebanking.invest
pl.aliorbank.aib
pl.allegro
pl.bosbank.mobile
pl.bph
pl.bps.bankowoscmobilna
pl.bzwbk.ibiznes24
pl.bzwbk.mobile.tab.bzwbk24
pl.ceneo
pl.com.rossmann.centauros
pl.fmbank.smart
pl.ideabank.mobilebanking
pl.ing.mojeing
pl.millennium.corpApp
pl.orange.mojeorange
pl.pkobp.iko
pl.pkobp.ipkobiznes
com.kuveytturk.mobil
com.magiclick.odeabank
com.mobillium.papara
com.pozitron.albarakaturk
com.teb
ccom.tmob.denizbank
com.tmob.tabletdeniz
com.vakifbank.mobilel
tr.com.sekerbilisim.mbank
wit.android.bcpBankingApp.millenniumPL
com.advantage.RaiffeisenBank
hr.asseco.android.jimba.mUCI.ro
may.maybank.android
ro.btrl.mobile
com.amazon.mShop.android.shopping
com.amazon.windowshop
com.ebay.mobile
ru.sberbankmobile
ru.sberbank.spasibo
ru.sberbank_sbbol
ru.sberbank.mobileoffice
ru.sberbank.sberbankir
ru.alfabank.mobile.android
ru.alfabank.oavdo.amc
by.st.alfa
ru.alfabank.sense
ru.alfadirect.app
ru.mw
com.idamob.tinkoff.android
ru.tcsbank.c2c
ru.tinkoff.mgp
ru.tinkoff.sme
ru.tinkoff.goabroad
ru.vtb24.mobilebanking.android
ru.bm.mbm
com.vtb.mobilebank
com.bssys.VTBClient
com.bssys.vtb.mobileclient
com.akbank.android.apps.akbank_direkt
com.akbank.android.apps.akbank_direkt_tablet
com.akbank.softotp
com.akbank.android.apps.akbank_direkt_tablet_20
com.fragment.akbank
com.ykb.android
com.ykb.android.mobilonay
com.ykb.avm
com.ykb.androidtablet
com.veripark.ykbaz
com.softtech.iscek
com.yurtdisi.iscep
com.softtech.isbankasi
com.monitise.isbankmoscow
com.finansbank.mobile.cepsube
finansbank.enpara
com.magiclick.FinansPOS
com.matriksdata.finansyatirim
finansbank.enpara.sirketim
com.vipera.ts.starter.QNB
com.redrockdigimark
com.garanti.cepsubesi
com.garanti.cepbank
com.garantibank.cepsubesiro
com.matriksdata.finansyatirim
biz.mobinex.android.apps.cep_sifrematik
com.garantiyatirim.fx
com.tmobtech.halkbank
com.SifrebazCep
eu.newfrontier.iBanking.mobile.Halk.Retail
tr.com.tradesoft.tradingsystem.gtpmobile.halk
com.DijitalSahne.EnYakinHalkbank
com.ziraat.ziraatmobil
com.ziraat.ziraattablet
com.matriksmobile.android.ziraatTrader
com.matriksdata.ziraatyatirim.pad
de.comdirect.android
de.commerzbanking.mobil
de.consorsbank
com.db.mm.deutschebank
de.dkb.portalapp
com.de.dkb.portalapp
com.ing.diba.mbbr2
de.postbank.finanzassistent
mobile.santander.de
de.fiducia.smartphone.android.banking.vr
fr.creditagricole.androidapp
fr.axa.monaxa
fr.banquepopulaire.cyberplus
net.bnpparibas.mescomptes
com.boursorama.android.clients
com.caisseepargne.android.mobilebanking
fr.lcl.android.customerarea
com.paypal.android.p2pmobile
com.wf.wellsfargomobile
com.wf.wellsfargomobile.tablet
com.wellsFargo.ceomobile
com.usbank.mobilebanking
com.usaa.mobile.android.usaa
com.suntrust.mobilebanking
com.moneybookers.skrillpayments.neteller
com.moneybookers.skrillpayments
com.clairmail.fth
com.konylabs.capitalone
com.yinzcam.facilities.verizon
com.chase.sig.android
com.infonow.bofa
com.bankofamerica.cashpromobile
uk.co.bankofscotland.businessbank
com.grppl.android.shell.BOS
com.rbs.mobile.android.natwestoffshore
com.rbs.mobile.android.natwest
com.rbs.mobile.android.natwestbandc
com.rbs.mobile.investisir
com.phyder.engage
com.rbs.mobile.android.rbs
com.rbs.mobile.android.rbsbandc
uk.co.santander.santanderUK
uk.co.santander.businessUK.bb
com.sovereign.santander
com.ifs.banking.fiid4202
com.fi6122.godough
com.rbs.mobile.android.ubr
com.htsu.hsbcpersonalbanking
com.grppl.android.shell.halifax
com.grppl.android.shell.CMBlloydsTSB73
com.barclays.android.barclaysmobilebanking
com.unionbank.ecommerce.mobile.android
com.unionbank.ecommerce.mobile.commercial.legacy
com.snapwork.IDBI
com.idbibank.abhay_card
src.com.idbi
com.idbi.mpassbook
com.ing.mobile
com.snapwork.hdfc
com.sbi.SBIFreedomPlus
hdfcbank.hdfcquickbank
com.csam.icici.bank.imobile
in.co.bankofbaroda.mpassbook
com.axis.mobile
cz.csob.smartbanking
cz.sberbankcz
sk.sporoapps.accounts
sk.sporoapps.skener
com.cleverlance.csas.servis24
org.westpac.bank
nz.co.westpac
au.com.suncorp.SuncorpBank
org.stgeorge.bank
org.banksa.bank
au.com.newcastlepermanent
au.com.nab.mobile
au.com.mebank.banking
au.com.ingdirect.android
MyING.be
com.imb.banking2
com.fusion.ATMLocator
au.com.cua.mb
com.commbank.netbank
com.cba.android.netbank
com.citibank.mobile.au
com.citibank.mobile.uk
com.citi.citimobile
org.bom.bank
com.bendigobank.mobile
me.doubledutch.hvdnz.cbnationalconference2016
au.com.bankwest.mobile
com.bankofqueensland.boq
com.anz.android.gomoney
com.anz.android
com.anz.SingaporeDigitalBanking
com.anzspot.mobile
com.crowdcompass.appSQ0QACAcYJ
com.arubanetworks.atmanz
com.quickmobile.anzirevents15
at.volksbank.volksbankmobile
de.fiducia.smartphone.android.banking.vr
it.volksbank.android
it.secservizi.mobile.atime.bpaa
de.fiducia.smartphone.android.securego.vr
com.unionbank.ecommerce.mobile.commercial.legacy
com.isis_papyrus.raiffeisen_pay_eyewdg
at.easybank.mbankingat.easybank.tablet
at.easybank.securityapp
at.bawag.mbanking
com.bawagpsk.securityapp
at.psa.app.bawag
com.pozitron.iscep
com.vakifbank.mobile
com.pozitron.vakifbank
com.starfinanz.smob.android.sfinanzstatus
com.starfinanz.mobile.android.pushtan
com.entersekt.authapp.sparkasse
com.starfinanz.smob.android.sfinanzstatus.tablet
com.starfinanz.smob.android.sbanking
com.palatine.android.mobilebanking.prod
fr.laposte.lapostemobile
fr.laposte.lapostetablet
com.cm_prod.bad
com.cm_prod.epasal
com.cm_prod_tablet.bad
com.cm_prod.nosactus
mobi.societegenerale.mobile.lappli
com.bbva.netcash
com.bbva.bbvacontigo
com.bbva.bbvawallet
es.bancosantander.apps
com.santander.app
es.cm.android
es.cm.android.tablet
com.bankia.wallet
com.jiffyondemand.user
com.latuabancaperandroid
com.latuabanca_tabperandroid
com.lynxspa.bancopopolare
com.unicredit
it.bnl.apps.banking
it.bnl.apps.enterprise.bnlpay
it.bpc.proconl.mbplus
it.copergmps.rt.pf.android.sp.bmps
it.gruppocariparma.nowbanking
it.ingdirect.app
it.nogood.container
it.popso.SCRIGNOapp
posteitaliane.posteapp.apppostepay
com.abnamro.nl.mobile.payments
com.triodos.bankingnl
nl.asnbank.asnbankieren
nl.snsbank.mobielbetalen
com.btcturk
com.finansbank.mobile.cepsube
com.ingbanktr.ingmobil
com.kuveytturk.mobil
com.magiclick.odeabank
com.mobillium.papara
com.pozitron.albarakaturk
com.teb
com.tmob.denizbank
com.ykb.android
finansbank.enpara
tr.com.hsbc.hsbcturkey
tr.com.sekerbilisim.mbank
com.Plus500
eu.unicreditgroup.hvbapptan
com.targo_prod.bad
com.db.pwcc.dbmobile
com.db.mm.norisbank
com.bitmarket.trader
com.plunien.poloniex
com.bitmarket.trader
com.mycelium.wallet
com.bitfinex.bfxapp
com.binance.dev
com.btcturk
com.binance.odapplications
com.blockfolio.blockfolio
com.crypter.cryptocyrrency
io.getdelta.android
com.edsoftapps.mycoinsvalue
com.coin.profit
com.mal.saul.coinmarketcap
com.tnx.apps.coinportfolio
com.coinbase.android
com.portfolio.coinbase_tracker
de.schildbach.wallet
piuk.blockchain.android
info.blockchain.merchant
com.jackpf.blockchainsearch
com.unocoin.unocoinwallet
com.unocoin.unocoinmerchantPoS
com.thunkable.android.santoshmehta364.UNOCOIN_LIVE
wos.com.zebpay
com.localbitcoinsmbapp
com.thunkable.android.manirana54.LocalBitCoins
com.thunkable.android.manirana54.LocalBitCoins_unblock
com.localbitcoins.exchange
com.coins.bit.local
com.coins.ful.bit
com.jamalabbasii1998.localbitcoin
zebpay.Application
com.bitcoin.ss.zebpayindia
com.kryptokit.jaxx
