Forget that old maths … Modulo 2 is coming to town

There’s a new show in town and it’s part of the next generation of cybersecurity… Modulo 2 or GF(2) — Galois field of two elements. It is used in many areas including with checksums and ciphers, and now is being applied into quantum robust cryptography. The multiplication function involves multiplying the binary values and ignoring the remainder. They are easy to implement and fast in their operation, especially in cryptography and checksum functions. It basically involves some bit shifts and an EX-OR function, which makes it fast in computing the multiplication.