The issue of data consistency goes beyond the scope of blockchain. Consistent data is required to have a deterministic global state in any software application, and represents one of the struggles of blockchain. …

Decentralized finance projects represent an exponentially growing segment of the blockchain market, but suffers from a major drawback — lack of privacy. Unfortunately, blockchains publish all transactions, which means that accounts and balances within DeFi applications are public, opening up issues with financial privacy. Additionally, lack of privacy in the…

Cross-chain bridges Cross-chain bridges act as data and transaction connections across multiple chains. They have applications across blockchain, but they are primarily used in decentralized finance applications to enable liquidity from multiple chains to be pooled together into one protocol. …

Data for Web 3.0 — Blockchain and decentralized networks have opened up a variety of disparate data and execution networks that can operate in an autonomous and trustless manner. With the advent of these networks, we have fallen into the trap that the software architecture of old faced: we have siloed the data so that…

As blockchains grow larger and are able to process a greater number of transactions, decentralized applications are forced to deal with a veritable firehose of information. …

The B+ Merkle tree can be leveraged to improve performance and efficiency by incorporating database file i/o instead of building on top of it. The feature set of the B+ Merkle tree includes multi-layer queries and relational objects. Extensions to support high-level queries like multi-key filters and relational queries can…

Getting data is hard on blockchain, and the node API is not suited for arbitrary read queries, and since the amount of this data is enormous which prohibits getting data from full nodes. Loading and transforming data from the blockchain is becoming a difficult problem because of the quantity of…

The growth in popularity of the blockchain execution layer has pushed the storage layer to the forefront of research and development. As more transactions and data can be pushed through decentralized consensus systems, the problem of maintaining and storing the results of the execution layer in a trustless distributed data…