Python literals — Python Tutorial
Python literals can be defined as data that is given in a variable or constant.
Python supports the following literals:
1. String literals:
String literals can be formed by enclosing a text in quotes. We can use both single and double quotes to create a string.
Example:
"Aman" , '12345'
Types of Strings:
There are two types of strings supported in Python:
a) Single-line Strings: Strings that are terminated within a single line are known as single-line strings.
Example:
text1='hello'
b) Multi-line String: A piece of text that is written in multiple lines is known as a "multi-line string."
There are two ways to create multiline strings:
- Adding black slash at the end of each line.
Example:
text1='hello\
user'
print(text1)
'hellouser'
2) Using triple quotation marks: marks: -
Example:
str2='''''welcome
to
SSSIT'''
print str2
Output:
welcome
to
SSSIT
II. Numeric literals:
Numeric literals are immutable. Numeric literals can belong to the following four different numerical types:
Int(signed integers) Long(long integers) float(floating point) Complex(complex)
Numbers (which can be both positive and negative) with no fractional part. eg: 100
Integers of unlimited size followed by lowercase or uppercase L eg: 87032845L
Real numbers with both integer and fractional part eg: -26.2
in the form of a+bj, where a forms the real part and b forms the imaginary part of the complex number. eg: 3.14j
Example — Numeric Literals
x = 0b10100 #Binary Literals
y = 100 #Decimal Literal
z = 0o215 #Octal Literal
u = 0x12d #Hexadecimal Literal
#Float Literal
float_1 = 100.5
float_2 = 1.5e2
#Complex Literal
a = 5+3.14j
print(x, y, z, u)
print(float_1, float_2)
print(a, a.imag, a.real)
Output:
20 100 141 301
100.5 150.0
(5+3.14j) 3.14 5.0
III. Boolean literals:
A Boolean literal can have any of two values: True or False.
Example —Boolean Literals
x = (1 == True)
y = (2 == False)
z = (3 == True)
a = True + 10
b = False + 10
print("x is", x)
print("y is", y)
print("z is", z)
print("a:", a)
print("b:", b)
Output:
x is True
y is False
z is False
a: 11
b: 10
IV. Special literals.
Python contains one special literal, i.e., None.
None is used to specify a field that is not created. It is also used for the end of lists in Python.
Example — Special Literals
val1=10
val2=None
print(val1)
print(val2)
Output:
10
None
V. Literal Collections.
Python provides four types of literal collection: list literals, tuple literals, dictionary literals, and set literals.
List:
- List contains items of different data types. Lists are mutable i.e.., modifiable.
- The values stored in List are separated by comma(,) and enclosed within square brackets([]). We can store different types of data in a List.
Example — List literals
list=['John',678,20.4,'Peter']
list1=[456,'Andrew']
print(list)
print(list + list1)
Output:
['John', 678, 20.4, 'Peter']
['John', 678, 20.4, 'Peter', 456, 'Andrew']
Dictionary:
- Python dictionary stores the data in the key-value pair.
- It is enclosed by curly-braces {} and each pair is separated by the commas(,).
Example
dict = {'name': 'Pater', 'Age':18,'Roll_nu':101}
print(dict)
Output:
{'name': 'Pater', 'Age': 18, 'Roll_nu': 101}
Tuple:
- Python tuple is a collection of different data-type. It is immutable which means it cannot be modified after creation.
- It is enclosed by the parentheses () and each element is separated by the comma(,).
Example
tup = (10,20,"Dev",[2,3,4])
print(tup)
Output:
(10, 20, 'Dev', [2, 3, 4])
Set:
- Python set is the collection of the unordered dataset.
- It is enclosed by the {} and each element is separated by the comma(,).
Example: — Set Literals
set = {'apple','grapes','guava','papaya'}
print(set)
Output:
{'guava', 'apple', 'papaya', 'grapes'}