What Determines How Long Will You Live
Genes or lifestyle, which is most important?
The study of genes that contribute to longevity is a developing science.
It is estimated that about 25% of the variation in human lifespan is determined by genetics, but the specific genes and how they contribute to longevity are not well understood
However, some gene variants have been associated with a longer life span. For example, variations in genes such as FOXO3, CETP, APOE, P53, SIRT1, and DAF-16 have been linked to longevity and age-related diseases
These genes are involved in processes such as DNA repair, lipid metabolism, aging, and cell cycle regulation, but while genetics play a role in life expectancy, it’s important to note that lifestyle and environmental factors also significantly influence longevity.
Research suggests that genetics may account for about 25–30% of the variation in human life span, with lifestyle being a stronger determinant of health and life span than genetics
Therefore, while specific genes can impact life expectancy, individual lifestyle choices and environmental factors also play a crucial role.
Genes and lifestyle factors interact in complex ways to affect life expectancy. While genetic factors play a role in longevity, lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and smoking have a significant impact on health and life span. Research has shown that healthy lifestyle choices can help mitigate the effects of certain genetic predispositions.
For example, a study published in The Lancet found that individuals with a high genetic risk of cardiovascular disease who had a favourable lifestyle had a lower risk of developing the disease compared to those with an unfavourable lifestyle
This suggests that a healthy lifestyle can modify the impact of genetic risk on life expectancy.
Genes associated with ageing and longevity, such as FOXO3, APOE, SIRT1, and DAF-16, are involved in processes such as DNA repair, lipid metabolism, and cell cycle regulation
Lifestyle factors such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and not smoking have been linked to the activation of longevity-associated genes and the reduction of age-related diseases
While genes play a role in life expectancy, the interaction between genetics and lifestyle is crucial. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can positively influence the expression of longevity-associated genes and mitigate the impact of certain genetic factors on life expectancy. Therefore, both genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices are important considerations for understanding and optimizing life expectancy.
Some examples of genes that can interact with lifestyle factors to affect life expectancy include:
APOE (Apolipoprotein E): This gene is associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise can influence the expression of this gene and its impact on longevity
SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1 protein): SIRT1 is involved in aging and cancer. Lifestyle factors such as calorie restriction and physical activity have been shown to influence the activity of SIRT1, potentially affecting longevity
P53 (Tumor protein p53): This gene is associated with cancer. Lifestyle factors such as avoiding tobacco and exposure to carcinogens can interact with the expression of P53 and its impact on life expectancy
These examples illustrate how specific genes associated with longevity and age-related diseases can be influenced by lifestyle factors, ultimately affecting life expectancy.
The interaction between genetics and lifestyle is a complex and dynamic process that can have significant implications for individual health and longevity.
Sources: Open AccessPublished:October, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00140-X
