The Development of Artificial Intelligence

The invention of computing machines and the subsequent capability improvement to perform various tasks have grown exponentially. Humans have developed the power of computers systems in terms of their diverse working domains and their increased processing speed. A more recent branch of computer science — the design of Artificial Intelligence — endeavors to create computers or machines as intelligent as human beings.

What Is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of technological development focused on designing a computer, robotic system, or software that can think intelligently, in a manner similar to the ways in which the human mind can think, learn, decide, and problem solve. According to the Father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, it is “the science and engineering of making intelligent means, especially intelligent computer programs.”

The Goals of AI

The primary goal of AI development is to create expert systems — the systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advise their users — to implement human intelligence in machine-creation systems that can understand, think, learn, and behave like humans.

AI Solutions

AI has played a dominant role in various fields including the following:

• Gaming: AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc. where machines can perform of large number of possible operations based on heuristic and statistical knowledge.
• Natural Language Processing: AI is involved in computer operations that understand natural language spoken by humans.
• Expert Systems: Some applications which integrate machine softwares and special information to provide explanations and advice to users.
• Vision Systems: AI systems have been developed to understand, interpret, and comprehend visual input (e.g., a spy-plane can take photographs, which are used to map geographic areas; doctors can use clinical expert systems to diagnose their patients; police can use computer software that can identify criminals with the stored portrait made by forensic artist).
• Speech Recognition: Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and comprehending language in terms of sentence structure and their meaning, screening for different accents, slang, background noise, changes in diction, etc.
• Handwriting Recognition: the handwriting recognition software reads the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can recognise the shapes of the letters and convert it into editable text.
  Intelligent robots– robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human. They have sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure. they have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge memory to exhibit intelligence.In addition,they are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.

AI Limitations

AI knowledge has produced some unwelcome contention in real world operations. The volume of information that AI has the capacity to produce is huge, next to unimaginable, and it is not well-organized or well-formatted. Moreover, these systems change constantly as they undergo further development.

AI technique involves the ability to organize and use the the information that it accrues efficiently in such a way that it can be perceived by the people who provide that information and subsequently use it. AI should be easily modified to correct for errors and it should be useful in many situations, even when the information is incomplete or inaccurate.

AI techniques elevate the speed of execution of the complex programs with which they are equipped and which are involved in its protection and maintenance.

Further, there are some public concerns about the contribution of AI to rising unemployment rates, given the threat that robots pose in the substitution of human beings in every field of production. Some even argue that over-dependence on machines can result in humans losing their mental and physical capabilities, and that intelligent machinery poses a risk to the functioning of a society that, over time, can no longer function without it.

With all of the benefits that AI can produce for human society, the question remains as to whether it is worth the risk.

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