Rat detection alarming and killer Project on Arduino Platform

In the project, an LDR sensor is placed infront of led light and as the rat passes through the path, LDR detects the rat/object infront of it, and in response, the gun/buzzer gets activated to kill the rat.

An image showing the rat detection project circuit on the breadboard.

The components used for the project are as follows:

1. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. High performance, low power AVR® 8-bit microcontroller ● Advanced RISC architecture ● 131 powerful instructions — most single clock cycle execution ● 32  8 general-purpose working registers ● Fully static operation ● Up to 16MIPS throughput at 16MHz ● On-chip 2-cycle multiplier ● High endurance non-volatile memory segments ● 32K bytes of in-system self-programmable flash program memory ● 1Kbytes EEPROM ● 2Kbytes internal SRAM ● Write/erase cycles: 10,000 flash/100,000 EEPROM ● Optional boot code section with independent lock bits ● In-system programming by on-chip boot program ● True read-while-write operation ● Programming Lock for software security. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. “Uno” means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past, or outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards.
2. LDR is a passive component that decreases resistance with respect to receiving luminosity (light) on the component’s sensitive surface. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with an increase in incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits and light-activated and dark-activated switching circuits acting as a resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as several megaohms (MΩ), while in the light, a photoresistor can have a resistance as low as a few hundred ohms.
3. A buzzer is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
4. LED/Laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term “laser” originated as an acronym for “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”.
5. A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototypes with electronics and test circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic circuits can be interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and then making connections through wires where appropriate.
6. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
7. Jumper wires is an electric wire that connects remote electric circuits used for printed circuit boards. By attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be short-circuited and short-cut (jump) to the electric circuit.

The C program for the given project on the Arduino platform is given below:

int ldrPin = A0;
int buzzer = 12;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(ldrPin,INPUT);
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
int ldrValue = analogRead(ldrPin);
Serial.print(“LDR VALUE:”);
Serial.println(ldrValue);

if (ldrValue < 500)
{
Serial.println(“Rat Detected”);
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}

}

The schematic diagram is shown below:

The schematic diagram of the rat detection circuit.

The Hardware Implementation of the rat detection project on the breadboard based on the Arduino platform is shown below:

An image showing the rat detection project circuit on the breadboard with Arduino board, LDR sensor, LED light, and buzzer.

Future Scope:

The same project can also be used for security purposes, smart parking and other IoT projects by connecting it to the internet by using a wifi module.