What year did Bezos issue the API Mandate at Amazon?

Amazon’s API Mandate was issued in 2002. Look what happens to Etsy stock price when Amazon decides to enter their space in 2015.

Think about the significance of the Amazon API mandate for a second.

• All teams will henceforth expose their data and functionality through service interfaces.
• Teams must communicate with each other through these interfaces.
• There will be no other form of inter-process communication allowed: no direct linking, no direct reads of another team’s data store, no shared-memory model, no back-doors whatsoever. The only communication allowed is via service interface calls over the network.
• It doesn’t matter what technology you use.
• All service interfaces, without exception, must be designed from the ground up to be externalize-able. That is to say, the team must plan and design to be able to expose the interface to developers in the outside world. No exceptions.
• The mandate closed with: Anyone who doesn’t do this will be fired. Thank you; have a nice day!

Instead of telling the humans which technologies to use, Bezos defined only the outcome of departmental systems deployments. These platforms became a network of business units that were integrated through…