Why is virtue the only good for Stoics?
The core argument for Stoicism
If Stoicism was known for one position in the ancient world, it was the seemingly outrageous claim that virtue (inner strength: courage, moderation, justice, wisdom) is the only good. Surely, Aristotle is more reasonable. Alongside the whole world, he adds to virtue some external goods to make life easier, and enable a person to do more.
If Stoicism is criticized for one thing (beyond its proverbial alleged “coldness”, also contestable), it is for its claim that “external goods” (riches, fame, power, even bodily health) are not true goods, but “indifferent”.
“What a surefire way to have a dull time!”, people exclaim. Isn’t this a philosophy which is all about defending against difficulties, rather than savoring the good times which actually make life worth living?
Well, here’s the key argument for vIrtue being the only good, which is central to Socrates, and which is made most clearly in Plato’s Euthydemus.
Setting up the argument
- we all desire to live well (eu prattein).
2. this involves having or enjoying “good things”, the things, relationships or experiences which benefit us.
