Beyond the Scoreboard: Unmasking Gender Bias in Female and Male Sports

By Mouli Verma

In the dynamic world of sports, where raw talent and dedication are supposed to be the only determining factors, an insidious issue often plays a behind-the-scenes role — gender bias. This feature article seeks to explore the nuanced landscape of bias in both female and male sports, unraveling the disparities that persist despite the strides toward gender equality. From unequal pay to media representation, this examination aims to bring to light the challenges faced by athletes of all genders and pave the way for a more equitable future.

Sports have long been a reflection of societal norms, and gender bias is deeply ingrained in the fabric of athletic culture. Historically, male sports have taken center stage, with female athletes fighting for recognition and legitimacy. The landscape of bias manifests itself in various forms, from the allocation of resources to the portrayal of athletes in the media.

One of the clearest indicators of gender bias in sports lies in the funding disparities between female and male athletes. Historically, male sports have received a lion’s share of financial support, resulting in superior facilities, better equipment, and more comprehensive training programs. Let’s take an example of cricket in India. The highest grade international male cricketer earns seven crore a year while the highest grade international female cricketer earns fifty lakhs per year.For some sports in India such as hockey, table tennis and others, the pay disparity is not in the international level but rather at the domestic level.This financial gap not only hinders the development of female athletes but perpetuates the cycle of inequality from grassroots levels to professional sports. This lack of financial support limits growth discourages young girls from pursuing professional careers, and undermines the value of women’s sports.

The media serves as a powerful amplifier, shaping perceptions and narratives in the world of sports. However, female athletes often find themselves sidelined when it comes to media coverage. Studies show that less than ten percent of the sports news coverage are about women’s sports out of which less than two percent covered athletes and sportspersons who participated in what are considered to be male sports. Research also suggests that articles on men’s sports are longer and accompanied with pictures whereas articles on women’s sports are shorter and are usually accompanied with non-sports related poses in the photos. It was also proven that coverage of women’s sports have a sexist angle and often focus on the physical attractiveness and appearance rather than their achievement. This limited visibility not only affects the individual athletes but contributes to a broader narrative that reinforces gender norms and expectations.

Deep-rooted gender stereotypes and preconceptions continue to dictate the trajectory of athletes’ careers. The perception that certain sports are more suited to a particular gender not only limits opportunities but also perpetuates a narrow definition of athleticism. Breaking down these stereotypes is crucial for fostering inclusivity and creating an environment where athletes are celebrated for their skills, regardless of gender. Unfortunately, female athletes are often subjected to hypersexualization and objectification, with the focus shifted from their athletic achievements to their physical appearance. For example, during the 2008 Beijing Olympics, seventy five percent of the women’s coverage was devoted to sports traditionally attributed to females like gymnastics, swimming and beach volleyball. This not only undermines their professionalism but also creates a hostile and uncomfortable environment for them to compete in. Societal stereotypes about gender roles limit opportunities for female athletes. Assumptions that girls are “weaker” or “less interested” in certain sports discourage them from participating and push them towards more “feminine” pursuits. These biases stifle athletic potential and contribute to a lack of female role models in traditionally male-dominated sports.

The battle for equal pay has become a rallying cry in recent years, symbolizing the broader fight for gender equality in sports. Female athletes, despite their accomplishments and successes, continue to face wage gaps compared to their male counterparts. The issue extends beyond financial remuneration; it is a quest for recognition, respect, and acknowledgment of the hard work and dedication female athletes invest in their chosen sports. However, there have been steps taken to reduce this disparity. The Target Podium Olympic Scheme, which is designed to help improve the performance of the athletes, gives a monthly stipend of fifty thousand rupees irrespective of the gender.

While challenges persist, the sports landscape is not without its transformative moments. Initiatives promoting gender equality increased media visibility for female athletes, and the rise of inclusive sports leagues is reshaping the narrative. The push for representation at all levels, from grassroots programs to professional leagues, is gradually dismantling the entrenched biases that have plagued sports for decades.

Overcoming these biases requires a multifaceted approach. Allocating more resources to women’s sports, diversifying media coverage, and celebrating female athletes as role models are crucial steps toward closing the gap and shattering stereotypes. Educating coaches, fans, and athletes about harmful biases and actively promoting inclusivity can foster a more respectful and supportive environment for everyone. Encouraging open conversations about mental health and providing accessible resources for athletes of both genders can create a healthier and more supportive athletic environment. Emphasizing sportsmanship, integrity, and ethical practices should be at the core of every athletic program, regardless of the gender of the participants.

In the pursuit of a fair and inclusive sports culture, it is imperative to confront and dismantle gender bias in both female and male sports. Recognizing the disparities is the first step toward effecting change. By addressing funding discrepancies, reshaping media narratives, challenging stereotypes, and advocating for equal pay, the sports world can create an environment where athletes are judged solely on their abilities and achievements, irrespective of gender. As we redefine the narrative, it is essential to remember that true progress requires a collective effort — from athletes, administrators, and fans alike. It’s time to transcend the confines of gender bias and build a sports world that reflects the diversity and talent of all athletes.