The World’s Fittest Humans: Table of Contents
by Mark Allen, Six-time Hawaiian Ironman Triathlon World Champion, “The World’s Fittest Man” by Outside magazine, voted “The Greatest Endurance Athlete of All Time” by ESPN, and selected as “The Greatest Triathlete Of All Time” by Triathlete magazine
The Backstory of Phenomic Games: How Did The World’s Fittest Humans Come to Fruition?
Phenomic Games World Championships in Turin, Italy • Introduction of 7 of the 12 Major Competitors • Brief Descriptions of the Phenomic 5 Events • Getting a feeling for what it would be like to compete in The Phenomic Games • Introducing the role of mind in performance at the edge of the human performance envelope • Mental aperture differences for strength and endurance
Laying the groundwork for next season’s Phenomic World Championships in Whistler, Canada • The strengths and weaknesses of major countries to produce world-class phenomic competitors • Biography of John Beasley, PhD, the voice of The Phenomic Games • Initial look at what it takes to be a world-class phenomic competitor • What is phenomics?
The Competitors: Twelve Physical and Mental Fitness Archetypes — Airi Jokinen to Lake Jacoby
Chapter Two: Airi Jokinen (Finland)
[Mental Orientation: North & West | Weakness: Frontend | Location: Koli National Park, Finland | Advisor: Professor Luikki Jussi from the University of Jyväskylä, world-renowned researcher in neuromuscular science and biomechanics]
Stretch-shortening cycle • Biomechanics, technique, mobility and performance • Airi’s training strategy to reinvent herself • Introduction to periodization • Mental preparation before training and debriefing after training • The roles of mental background and foreground to facilitate motor control consolidation • Neurological plasticity • What is the fitness potential of women versus men? • Willpower, death and Finnish Sisu
Chapter Three: Ivan Petrovitch (Russia)
[Mental Orientation: West | Weakness: Backend | Location: Mount Elbrus, Russia | Advisor: Anatoly Vinnichenko, PhD, world-renowned scientist in mental and physical training protocols for ultra-endurance sports; Ilya Matveev, Russian Olympic weightlifting coach]
Russian Olympic weightlifting heritage • Eastern Bloc roots of periodized training • High-altitude physiology and acclimatization • The Phenomic Games and blood doping • Ivan’s multi-year periodized training plan • Neurological recruitment strategies and adaptive response to strength and endurance training • Gene expression conflicts for strength and endurance training • Anatoly’s approach to mental and physical training for ultra-endurance • Mental aperture • Mind and life-threatening response of limit strength • Mind and life-threatening response of emergency endurance • Mind, perception, limits and emergency capacities • Homo sapiens, bipedalism, biological anthropology and migratory superpower • Human fitness potential, comparative physiology and the human power continuum • Human mental and physical essences • What is willpower? • The mental trailblazers Reinhold Messner, Roger Bannister and Vasily Alekseyev • Breaking physical limits by training cognitive qualities of imagination and willpower • Mental management of the Death Zone • The Backend: Dealing with The Climb and Nemesis back-to-back • The mental gatekeepers to limit strength and emergency endurance • Building the endurance mind • Using the mind to enhance recovery • Addressing decreasing marginal returns at the edge of the human performance envelope • Integration of training and recovery variables to maximize ΔP • The Phenomic Games and redefining the human phenome at the margins: emergence of human superpowers
Chapter Four: Ellie Murray (United Kingdom)
[Mental Orientation: West | Weakness: Poles | Location: Oxford Fleming Boat House, London, England | Advisor/Coach: Jan Edelman, PhD, from Loughborough University, doctoral thesis: “Theory and Methodology of Program Design for Optimizing Performance in Olympic Rowing: An Integration of Biological Information Science with Exercise Physiology”; Coach: Berry Sherman, on the British National Track Cycling team, her coach for 8 years]
The mind and its role in enhancing movement internals and energy efficiency of movement • Dance, flexibility, Pilates, and Gyrotonic and their influence on movement • The ancient Greek zeitgeist and the historical significance and meaning of areté from Homer to Aristotle • Origins of training: Greek gymnasion and Plato’s Academy • Origins of design: telos, areté and ergon • Louis Sullivan’s “form follows function” • Aristotle: areté and eudaimonia • Aristotelian Golden Mean, Greek athletics and aesthetics • Ancient Greek pentathletes: “a body fit for all efforts” • Endurance in ancient Greece • Phenomic female aesthetics • Difference between happiness and consciousness of well-being • What is functional training? • Introduction of Adjunctive Tool Pool (ATP) • The Phenomic 5 and a fully comprehensive fitness function • How alive are you?: The meaning and power of appreciation • The mind, innerstanding and areté as qualities to build Socratic “know thyself” • Training motors and motor control to convert cycling prowess to rowing
Chapter Five: Janu Tsöndrü Sherpa (Nepal)
[Mental Orientation: East | Weakness: Frontend | Location: Tengboche, Nepal near Mount Everest | Advisor/coach: Amandus Nyström, Swedish national caliber coach in weightlifting and rowing]
Mortality rates of 8,000m peaks • Janu’s strategy to address the frontend • Introduction of the human power spectrum’s 4 metabolic gears • In-depth discussion of Adjunctive Tool Pool (ATP) • Janu’s impression of Nemesis • Tibetan’s genetic adaptations to high-altitude • Three dimensions to endurance: temporal, horizontal and vertical • Climbing: physics of the vertical dimension of endurance • Endurance lifestyle of Tibetan Sherpas • Tibetan Buddhism and its spiritual influence on Sherpas during big climbs • The Sherpa mind and its connection to energy beyond the Western scientific paradigm
Chapter Six: Gabriela Delgado (Brazil)
[Mental Orientation: West | Weakness: Backend | Location: São Paulo, Brazil | Doctoral dissertation: “The roles of perception, cognition and motor function in adaptation to physical conditioning” | Coach: Sebastião Araújo, expertise in ultra-endurance with experience in 100-mile runs at altitude for many years and ultra-distance mountain bike racing]
Introduction of embodied cognition, a sub-discipline of neuroscience • Idealogical differences between embodied cognition and computational neuroscience • Capoeira
Part 1: DEFINING MIND IN TERMS OF BODY — The Evolution of Intelligence
Erwin Schrödinger’s What is Life?: The Physical Aspect of Life (1944) — essence of biology in terms of energy and information • Biochemical information, as opposed to symbolic information, is embedded in the structure of specific molecules • Introduction of the importance of constraints in differentiating biology from chemistry and physics • “Negative entropy” role in creating order from disorder • Importance of enzymes called catalysts • Introduction of biological networks and metabolism • Lynn Margulis and endosymbiosis • What is the “brain” of a cell? • DNA is void of agency • Philosophy of phenomenology and the nature and structure of experience and its relationship to the body (Maurice Morleau-Ponty) • Enactive approach or enactivism • Embodied cognition, perception-action loop, the sensorimotor loop in 1991 (Varela, Thompson and Rosch) • perception: sensory input → decision • How does an amoeba perceive? • How does cognition work in the amoeba? • The seat of intelligence in unicellulars is a primitive communication network • Introduction of cybernetic principles: feedback loops, control theory, communication and information theory, and prediction based upon past behavior • Network architectures as directed graphs • Introduction of autonomy, agency and intelligence: concept of the librarian • Genetics and The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology • Nanomachines: the workhorses of the cell • Structure and function of neurons (Ramón y Cajal, Golgi, von Waldeyer-Hartz) • Cnidaria (jellyfish) and the invention of neurons, striated muscle, ontogeny, nerve nets, eyes and the digestive tract • Metazoans and the emergence of the supervisor librarian (lifecycle management) • Invention of motor control (jellyfish) • Invention of ganglia, interneurons and central nervous system (CNS) by Cnidaria • sensory input (eyes) → decision (interneuron complexes) → action (muscle) • Operating principles of mind (Llinás): motricity (movement); prediction; self = centrality of prediction • Purpose of the brain: smart motricity • Theoretical explanation for the invention of symbolic representation in the brain • Cybernetics: the brain is an organ for adaptation to the unknown (Pickering) • Invention of the self: centralization of predictive function, making sense of the senses (Llinás) • Hebb’s Law: Neurons that fire together wire together • Fundamental functional unit of the brain is cell assemblies, not individual neurons (Hebb) • Functional unit of brain activity is composed of a dynamic electrical field produced by the aggregation of large populations of firing neurons (Nicolelis) • Identity of the self is not a constant: neural plasticity and the brain’s infinite capacity to incorporate tools into the brain’s intrinsic map of the self (Nicolelis) • Motor thinking has three independent parameters: space, time, and force (Nicolelis) • Any given mental state — perception — is the result of a merger between present brain state + inbound sensory information stream, all in the form of a dynamic electrical field (Nicolelis) • (part of) Relativistic Brain Hypothesis: Brain has a strict energy budget (Nicolelis) • Limit strength insight: Virtually infinite number of possible nerve and muscle motor unit combinations to produce a given trajectory, speed, and torque • We are not thinking machines but feeling machines that think (Damasio) • Supervisor librarian, the controlling agency for animals at the organism level, is the global supervisor for every cell in the body and is integrated with the neuroendocrine system • Triune brain theory (MacLean): reptilian-brain autonomic functions and limbic system (emotions → fight or flight) • Background and history of homeostasis and related concepts • Emotions are intertwined with homeostasis (Damasio) • Introduction of terms map, image, representation or neural pattern as fundamental concept of advanced cognitive function (Llinás, Nicolelis, and Damasio) • An image is a simplification of reality (Llinás) • Images are main currency of mental activity from insects to most abstract, symbolic cognition of E=mc² • Insects invented mental images for “body thinking” • Feeling = map of emotion (Damasio) • In-depth on feeling and primordial feelings • Sense of feeling is internally generated channel specifically for informing about the state of body affairs right now • Biological value of images in terms of immediate survival • Protoself is integration of felt-body state (primordial feelings + body feelings) along with sensory portals component (Damasio) • Functions and Responsibilities for the Sense of Self in Primates (conclusions) • Mind in terms of body (conclusions)
Part 2: DEFINING BODY IN TERMS OF MIND
Brief history of biological form • Ontogeny and developmental biology: definition of terms • Developmental systems theory and interactionism (Oyama) • Developmental plasticity and fitness (West-Eberhard) • Homo sapiens display very little phenotypic plasticity of the body per se relative to other species • Knowledge of “fitness” = knowledge about phenotypic plasticity • Supervisor librarian is regulator of the body meaning it controls phenotypic plasticity and dictates ontogeny — cradle-to-grave • Intelligent training + recovery → supervisor librarian → phenotypic plasticity (change in physical conditioning) → +ΔP • There is a large cognitive component required after training during recovery to image crunch for optimal outcomes, some kind of nonconscious, “body thinking” process • The cognitive process that executes phenotypic plasticity is part of body thinking • Definition and origins of thinking • What species invented rational, symbolic thinking? • What species invented learning? • The foundation, origin, and integration of body and mind is body thinking, the complementary unity of embodied cognition • Octopus: body thinking genius • Nelson Cabej and his theory of the nervous system’s control of ontogeny and evolution • Supervisor librarian = Cabej’s “integrated control system” or ICS • Perception (ICS) is reality (ΔP) • Dynamical system theory and its concept of attractor basins (“set points”) • Role of ICS: body state surveillance (“simulation”) → perceived stimulus → neural circuits in brain → [neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, neuropeptide] • Summary of ICS (supervisor librarian) process • Magnitude of brain traffic for homeostasis, phenotypic plasticity and ontogeny • Importance of hypothalamus • Connectome and the heavily trafficked thalamus-cortical network • Insights about energy and information in understanding living systems from Erwin Schrödinger, Gregory Bateson, Stewart Kauffman, Harold Morowitz and Alex Wissner-Gross • Entropy as a force in nature that defines universal intelligence (Wissner-Gross) • Summary of important principles of biology derived from Parts 1 and 2 • Gabriela’s Turing Test for the Body — A Different Approach to Answering What is Life? • What is mind? • What is body? • What is life?
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Applying body thinking to The Phenomic Games • Using attention to tune into feeling • Flow is body thinking • Rational thinking is only one kind of thinking • Why you should trust body thinking • The primary reason for training is to perfect body thinking • Placing values on human physical and mental abilities and movement patterns in terms of survival value in the wild • Aesthetics: what would the ideal Phenomics female champion look like? • Shift thinking from muscle to nerve, from motor to motor control, from hardware to software • Focus 100% of attention on connecting to the supervisor librarian during training and recovery • Body thinking and limit strength • Self-awareness and its relationship to body thinking • A theory of the structure of mind • Thesis of “the body is the work product of mind” • Body thinking as powerful tool to build a phenomic mind + phenomic body
Chapter Seven: Ji Feng (China)
[Mental Orientation: East | Weakness: Frontend | Location: National Sports Training Center in Beijing, China | Advisor/Coach: Master Li Huang, qigong; Coach: Faxin Wang, one of the coaches of the Chinese National weightlifting team]
Taoism and qigong • Eastern ontology of energy and information • Inner and outer energy habitats and their integration • Body as training wheels for the mind • Shift to perception of energy in the mental foreground and objects in the background • Supra-physical fitness: fitness in domains beyond the physical • Strengthening the latent sense of energy awareness in the energy-frequency domain • In the energy-frequency domain, what does “limitation” mean? • Comparisons of Eastern and Western ontologies • Thought experiment on proving matter doesn’t exist • Perception supervenes on understanding and knowledge • Perception is not reality: the purpose of life is to qualitatively change your perception • Common ontological roots between qigong and yoga • Awakening to the falsity of five-sensed perception is historically interpreted in spiritual frameworks • Applying energy-frequency domain awareness to fitness objectives such as tapping into Big energy • Taoist term wu wei and aligning with energy flow • Science addresses the seen, qigong addresses the unseen • Eastern versus Western value systems with respect to expectations • Chinese philosophy of Olympic weightlifting • Eastern versus Western approaches to “limit strength”
Chapter Eight: Jōtara Musashi (Japan)
[Mental Orientation: East | Weakness: Poles | Location: Kyoto, Japan | Coaches: Jiichirō Mirakami (mental/metaphysical head coach and Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū sensei); Midori Ōtaka (physical head coach and Olympic weightlifting coach); Teruko Hashimoto (track cycling coach); Reika Miyoshi (cross-country mountain bike coach)]
kata as a means to oneness of mind and body • Mental concepts of kata and mushin • bushidō lineage Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū and the concepts of jikishin, seimeishin and fudōshin • Deeper meaning of “fundamentals” • shoshin and humility • Miyamoto Musashi and “What is training?” • meijin and artistic expression • Eastern ontology: a yin-yang complementary unity, the mental⇔energy realm • Western mind is a structure predicated on binary logic, order, male values and linear thought • Eastern mind is a structure predicated on ever-changing yin-yang complementary unities • Trust (East) versus validation (West) • On becoming an expert • On becoming a master • On becoming a performing artist • Ontogenetic strategy: caterpillar (West) → butterfly (East) • Strategic value of mentors • A study of mental flow (Csikszentmihalyi) • A study of mental discipline based on Eastern and Western practices (Michael Livingston) • Genius acts of artistic physical expression (Mark Allen, Jiro Ono, Toshi-hira Osumi, Miyamoto Musashi) • An integration of East and West: Jōtara’s Theory of Training Strategy • wabi sabi and tea ceremony • physical fitness is only a side effect of mental and metaphysical training • Tickling the tiger • Applying mental technique to the Phenomic 5 • Overcoming the illusion of the physical body and tickling the tiger • Training for satori and beyond suki • Benjamin Libet’s experiments on speed of decision making of conscious versus unconscious mind • Ultimate performance: Transcending the concern of life and death • Relationship between intent and willpower is like a vector • Jōtara gets real about the mind • Instead of force, focus the mind on intent • Limit strength: let the tiger do the heavy lifting • Access to ki — not ATP — to prevail on Nemesis • Can a woman win The Phenomic Games? • Goal of becoming a Phenomic meijin
Chapter Nine: Loris “Maximus” Ferraris (Germany)
[Mental Orientation: West | Weakness: Poles | Location: Elite Performance Technologies Training Center in Berlin, Germany | Coach: Damien Hammerschmidt, PhD, exercise physiologist; Advisor: Jürgen Zimmermann, PhD, systems biologist (bioinformatics)]
Introduction of Newtonian physics and the concepts of power, torque, and force in the context of human performance and compared with automobiles • Human performance and anthropometry in regards to force versus torque • Performance as a function of population statistics: introduction of standard deviation (σ) and its significance • Introduction of maximal lipid power • Discovery of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in 1930s • Discovery of β-oxidation (fatty acid cycle) between 1943 and 1948 • Separation of aerobic metabolism into two pathways: aerobic glycolytic and aerobic lipolytic power systems • Criticality of targeting the lipolytic power system in endurance applications • Performance in endurance sports has increased during the last 40 years with an increased volume of lipolytic power training and decreased volume of high-intensity interval training • In Homo sapiens, endurance capacity is the capacity most subject to vast enhancement from baseline • Significance of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) • History and concept of anaerobic threshold • Anaerobic threshold, Francesco Conconi, Francesco Moser and the assault on cycling’s hour record in 1984 • Use of heart rate monitors as a proxy for physiological events in endurance training • Foundation of micronutritional theory (Casimir Funk) and concept of “vitamines” in 1912 • Deficiency theory, malnutrition, and the concept of recommended daily allowances (RDA) in 1941 • Differences between classical science and optimization + engineering • Performance enhancement as a function of model optimization • Acceleration of learning process for innovation utilizing a stepwise-refinement framework • New paradigm of micronutrition based on optimization of metabolic networks • Metabolic network properties and manipulation of weak links (fine-tuning of network effects to improve adaptive yield to stress → +∆P) • Two major capacities of a world class stage cyclist: maximal lipid power and maximal aerobic power • Criticality of maximal lipid power to weight ratio (specific maximal lipid power) and maximal aerobic power to weight ratio (specific maximal aerobic power) • Physiology of the transition from pure anaerobic metabolism to aerobic glycolysis (The Burn) • Physics of Phenomic 5 in terms of torque, power, and energy and physiology in terms of the 4 metabolic gears • Phenomic 5 in terms of time across the entire human gearbox and their mapping to evolutionarily significant metabolic switching points, capacities and events • Micronutrition, metabolic network theory, ∆P and effects on: aerobic power; strength and anaerobic capacity; connective tissue repair and maintenance; and cognition and motor control • Consequences when phenotypic plasticity terminates at the limit of the phenome (∆P = 0) • Macronutrition is about bites while micronutrition is about bytes • Optimality of micronutrition is an AND logic problem, not OR logic • Expansion of the human performance envelope and the phenome via leveraging phenotypic plasticity through manipulating of micronutritional profiles (relaxation of critical path of adaptive response) • Exploitation of degenerate pathways • Differences in physics and physiology between cycling and running • What would be the ideal physiological specification of the world’s fittest human?
Chapter Ten: Rebecca “Mako” Samuelson (United States of America)
[Mental Orientation: West | Weakness: Backend | Location: US Olympic Training Center, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA | Coach: Jane Mayer, a mountain biking coach experienced in marathon mountain bike racing]
Building a backend from a background of mixed martial arts, CrossFit, SWAT and Olympic lifting • Immersion strategy in periodized training for The Climb and Nemesis
Chapter Eleven: Roger McLaughlin (Australia)
[Mental Orientation: West | Weakness: Frontend | Location: Dunc Gray Velodrome, Sydney, Australia | Coach: Seymour Morse, world-class Olympic track cycling coach]
Background in extreme multi-day, high-speed, hiking endurance in variable terrain for special military operations • Background in high-level rock climbing • Background in multi-repetition kettlebell swings and snatches • Maintaining red-zone level conditioning on a 365/7 basis • The hazards of using statistical tools of probability theory when encountering real-world risks of unknown unknowns • Grey and black swans • The dynamics of risk assessment while in the real-world is only navigable by experience of a “swamp master” • The scientific method is not a vehicle of proof • What has value for proof in the real world? • Application of engineering methods to improve reliability and survivability in complex, opaque environments • Endurance and speed are fractal and dynamic variables with respect to the 3 dimensions of endurance • Information, knowledge, and wisdom • Value of negative knowledge and subtractive intelligence • Idea of a programmable instinct • Evolutionary neurobiology, cats, decision making under high stress, and motor control • Managing panic response • Survival mind and endurance mind • Positive and negative synergies and “synergy minus one” • Importance of stretching • Definition of human performance envelope: stress and performance • From organism’s perspective: survivability, fitness and performance are synonymous • Phenomic Games as a function of human performance envelope and phenotypes on the margin of the phenome • Adaptive response and ΔP in terms of human performance envelope • Performance decay and negative rate of marginal return in terms of human performance envelope
Chapter Twelve: Karina Slimov (Russia)
[Mental Orientation: North & West | Weakness: Frontend | Location: Moscow, Russia | Coaches: Anatoly Vinnichenko, PhD, world-renowned scientist in mental and physical training protocols for ultra-endurance sports (head coach/advisor); David Rigert (head strength coach coach); Svetlana Lagunov (rowing); Andrei Popov (Olympic weightlifting); Nikolay Utkin (track cycling); Masha Dubov (gymnastics)]
Understanding the Death Zone on Annapurna • Survival in the wilderness • Mental tactics in conditions of imminent death • Empowerment by the force of death • Long-term, frontend immersion periodization: anabolic pathway, positive nitrogen retention and strength training focus for balancing the life-long ultra-endurance athlete • True meaning of endurance (biological cost of persistence) • Criticality of killing fear and hope to gain access to environmental energy • Inupiat Inuits and koviashuvik • East and West versus North and South (Poles) zeitgeists • Vladimir Vernadsky’s theory of life’s evolution through space as opposed to Darwin’s theory of life’s evolution through time • Death as an independent force on a more fundamental level like gravity, wind and cold (non-biological conception of death) • Physical training (endurance capacity) → mental training → metaphysical training • Death and energy beyond the West’s ATP model • Function and significance of Inuit inuksuk and human migration across vast expanses of time and space • Conditions of ordinary mental flow state versus mental states accessing energy beyond self • Commonality of mental conditioning and state prior to major sports competition (skiing, swimming, cycling, Olympic weightlifting) • Experimental mental training for Olympic weightlifting • Trust between coach and competitor • Mental depth (depth of focus) and mental aperture in relation to sensory awareness, attentional breadth, and motor responses • Willpower’s variable amplitude and relationship to awareness, visualization and other potential targets of willpower such as strength, endurance, peace (meditation) and death • Relationship and trainability of willpower, imagination, and visualization • Exploring the edge of personal unknown inner space (i.e. “mental comfort zone”) versus physical comfort zones • Training obstacles for an athlete with long limbs powered by predominantly slow twitch muscle tissue • Natural human gait types and the artificial race walking gait • Strengths and weaknesses of mental toughness training •
Chapter Thirteen: Lake Jacoby (United States of America)
[Mental Orientation: West | Weakness: None | Location: Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, USA | Coaches: Elijah Wright (head coach); Roy McKenzie (rowing)]
Mauna Kea, the hardest mountain bike climb in the world • Long-duration, high-torque, mountain bike interval training • Introduction of Lake’s Way of the Jaguar approach to training • Priorities = what you do = values-in-action, not what you think • Action Audits & Life-Value data • Introduction to Stuart Kauffman’s Theory of the Adjacent Possible • Cybernetics and the adjacent possible • Values-in-action and your life as a trajectory of adjacent possible phenotypes • Learning as stumbling • Success in terms of stumbling while focusing on tiny steps toward strategic goals • Way of the Jaguar and its three layers: philosophy, theory, and practice • Mechanics of the Adjacent Possible, the Process of A → B • Enlisting the special forces of the nonconscious mind • Making a practice of the Theory of the Adjacent Possible • Theoretical biology and developing scaffolds • Network structures of time and space: bursts • Bursts: heterochrony, phenotypic plasticity, and attractor basins • Theory of the Adjacent Possible as a function of ΔP • Lake’s philosophy of life: vulnerability, passion, and discipline • Summary of Way of the Jaguar • Constructing the Physical Layers for Mastery of the Motors • Constructing the Mental Layers for Mastery of Motor Control • Importance of building a mental and physical foundation for a professional Phenomic Games competitor • Defense of the Phenomic 5 • Details of Lake’s theory of practice for constructing the physical and mental layers in a specific sequence over the human lifespan • Folly of mind-body dualism • What pushes back at the limit of the human performance envelope? • Anatomy of fitness plateaus • Anatomy of ΔP • Real training begins at the limit of the performance envelope: convergence to all training = mental training • Tapping into the Adjunctive Tool Pool to overcome plateaus • Lake’s personal approach to life
The Competitions
Chapter Fourteen: Phenomic Games Continental Championships
Chapter Fifteen: Phenomic Games World Championships in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada
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The Phenomic Games and Theoretical Biology of Sport (Nonfiction)
Chapter Sixteen: The Four Metabolic Gears of Conditioning
Chapter Seventeen: The Meaning of Phenomics and the Theory of Phenomic Training
The Creation of The World’s Fittest Humans: A Few Personal Observations on Phenomic Training vis-à-vis Form and Function Over a Lifetime of Training Experience
Diagrams
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References
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The World’s Fittest Humans ©2015 James Autio. All rights reserved.
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PHENOMIC GAMES and PHENOMIC 5 are trademarks of James Autio.
James Autio | doctorgo@gmail.com
