Grammar Rules! Who vs. Whom

Get it right every time.

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The struggle between who and whom is one grammar challenge that seems designed to trip people up. Even seasoned writers hesitate before choosing.

The Core Difference Between Who and Whom

At its most basic, who is the subject of a sentence, while whom is the object.

• Who does something.
• Whom has something done to it.

Who takes the place of subjects like he, she, or they. Whom is more like him, her, or them.

Quick Test: Replace with He/Him

If you’re unsure, swap the word in question with he or him:

• Who/Whom do you love?
• You love him → Whom is correct.
• Who/Whom wrote the letter?
• He wrote the letter → Who is correct.

If he fits, use who. If him fits, go with whom.

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When to Use Who

Use who when referring to the subject of a sentence, the person doing the action.