Internet of Things — Innovation for better tomorrow
What is the internet of things?
Knowledge of AI ( Artificial intelligence), big data, machine learning, etc. and several other technologies combined together in a cluster and connected to the internet with the help of ISP (internet service provider), with an aim to share data and knowledge is called the Internet of things. — Nagendra Singh Yadav
No one has ever thought of a hustle free life until the internet arrived. Nowadays you get all the needs or needed data on your PDA’s. Forget going back to the library if you’re looking for some information which a book can provide you. You can get all you want on smartphones and we don’t specifically talk about smartphones here, we are talking about all the evolution that happened in digital and information technology.
Evolution of IoT —
Evolution ensures we enter into a new ara where we reduce complexity in the system or in technologies, so to transform the future we fill out the knowledge gaps left back then. — Nagendra Singh Yadav
IoT was born in 2000, we aim to connect all the devices via IoT.
Gone in back days, we use to have numeric pad phones, difficult UI’s, harder to handle, less information on a PDA’s, then we stepped in the age of the digital smartphone, which got slimmer and faster than times. This evolution comes under the umbrella of IoT.
In information technologies, we use to learn C, C++, VB as part of basic programming language. Then one day java stepped in and took over the industry. reason being easy to code, debug, easy to understand, less code migration changes required and most important of all you can transform it however you want to. Then we see various other technology stepping in Python, big data.. all aim to improve what was left out in previous technologies. This all can be tested via bandwidth or internet connections that’s why they all fall under the umbrella of IoT.
1. human to human
2. www (world wide web)
3. web2.0
4. Social media (could be from Orkut to Instagram)
5. machine to machine communication
M2M communication (Machine 2 machine) VS IoT —
In order to implement smart objects one requires, sensors, data, IP and network , ensuring that thier actual and expected results should match and Data storage occurs on cloud. — Nagendra Singh Yadav
M2M —
· States that devices communicate with each other directly
· Uses P2P (point to point communication.
· The devices are not restricted to rely on the Internet.
· M2M is a hardware-based Tech.
· In M2M, a machine can communicate with only one machine at any point in time.
· A device can be connected via cellular or using any other network.
IoT —
· About automation of sensors that run using the internet.
· cloud-based communication
· Internet connection is a prerequisite
· It’s hardware and software-based
· Multiple users can connect over the internet.
· IP (internet protocol) used for data delivery
There is massive potential for IoT cuz it provides — improved performance creates innovative service, reduce cost, new revenue stream
Applications of IoT —
One of the prerequisites for IoT is raw data and Cost is something which is gonna change the pick every single time when one chooses the type of technologies to be used for product development in term of real-time business requirement or Enterprise Applications. For Example — cloud or big data technologies are costly. In such cases in terms of long-running business, analysts have to pick the right technology to reduce the frequent platform or technology change. One of the painful parts from technology switch is code migration So pick a choice accordingly — Nagendra Singh Yadav
IoT is applicable everywhere we surround ourselves with every single day. below are applications of IoT —
- Automative
- Communications.
- Information Technology.
- Medical
- Industrial
- consumer
- military and aerospace.
- Google Home mini
IoT Architecture —
IoT is a subset of IOP (internet of people). — Nagendra Singh Yadav
- Integrated Applications — this consists of sensors or Actuators which have abilities such as emit, accept and process signals.
- Information Processing — Consists of Data Acquisition system and Edge analytics. In the Data Acquisition system, data from sensors is received and converted into digital signals. This system performs data aggregation and conversion functions on the set of data or on the data. whereas, Edge analytics is the data center, where all the data comes in and one requires Edge analytics for the furthermore processing of data.
- Network construction — It consists of cloud Analytics and the implementation of network technology used. the data which requires more depth analysis is sent to physical data centers or onto the cloud-based systems.
IoT Technologies —
IoT is a magic box, hold it, shake it something pops out everysingle time, that’s just how innovation are made. — Nagendra Singh Yadav
1. Wired — as we know it all how it works. consist of the wired mode of communication which we often encounter as Cat 6e cables used for wired connectivity in a LAN typically.
2.WPAN — refers to the wireless personal area network, which aims to provide short-distance area wireless connectivity for devices that surround an individual person.
3.W-Mesh — Refers to the Wireless Mesh network, which is a mode of a communication network in which network is made of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology.
4.WLAN — Refers to wireless Local area network, which connects two or more devices using the wireless mode of communication, aims to form a LAN within a limited area. i.e. School or college.
5.WWAN — Refers to the wireless wide area network, which transmits wireless signals beyond one building or property.
IoT technologies: protocols —
- COAP — refers to the Constrained Application Protocol, used in electronic devices, allowing them to communicate using the internet.
- MQTT — refers to Message Queue Telemetry Transport, used for M2M communication which allows data to be sent in form of messages from a device.
- XMPP — refers to Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol, used for real-time communication, typically used in voice or video calls, etc.
- Restful HTTP— refers to Representational State Transfer, which is used for distributed systems, typically as an example of it is WWW (world wide web).
Interaction methods in IoT -
- H2M (Human to Machine) — Consist of human to machine control i.e. smart door locks, industrial automation 4.0
- M2H (Machine to Human) — This requires less human interventions but it requires sensing capabilities. i.e. a fridge is turned on-off as per available power.
- M2M (Machine to Machine) — There is no direct human intervention required but humans might control the flow of a machine. i.e. COAP protocol is used in this kinda interaction.
Cloud Computing —
In cloud computing first requests are sent to the cloud and then the response of the request is received from the cloud but the cloud requires 24/7 connectivity with the internet. Plus we can only keep only limited data on the cloud, the data which is used frequently can be kept on the cloud, cuz storage is a matter of concern over there. There is 2 type of access available in the cloud, that is private and public. The examples for the same can differ based upon the needs of an organization or an enterprise and the usages.
Can we describe IoT in a single Formula?
Oh hell yeah, below is the formula —
IoT = Sensing+Communication+Computing+services+semantics
Where,
Sensing is Smart wearable devices,
Communication is via wifi or Bluetooth or any other mode of communication.
Computing means, devices and it could be a Smartphone typically a combination of hardware and software such as Android.
Services consist of information aggregation (middleware), collaborative aware (smart home), can sense our sleeping patterns.
Semantics refers to RDF(resource description framework), OWL, EXI(in heterogeneous env data exchange should be performed), XML files are based on this concept.
What is Smart Integration?
Smart Integration is an environment where each application is associated with 3 parameters — input, process, and storage, output.
Challenges in IoT —
Data is a valuable asset to any organization and one can’t afford to risk it or leakages at this stage can’t be afforded cuz it impacts goodwill and trust of stakeholders. So never compromise on security cuz where security exists, data is safe. — Nagendra Singh Yadav
- Security — It’s the major concern for most of the tech but cloud appears to be on top of it. one has never seen a more powerful system than mainframes, whose security is z level security. Something like this we require here as well cuz wherever we see the network, there can be hacker sitting calmly waiting for data over the network to steal.
- Complex Design
- Distributed System
- The development of the application is a hectic job and costs a lot of money.
- Connectivity — Requires 24/7 network availability.
Operating Systems Used in IoT —
- TinyOS
- Android
- Contiki
Did you know?
Free cloud — Thingworx
Fog Computing —
Fog computing refers to fogging, which is an architecture that uses edge devices for local communication, data storage, and they are routed towards the internet backbone.
In this, the Database is located on the cloud, request are made by the client and the responses are sent back to the client. In cloud computing, all the data is Time-sensitive, since time is a key element in cloud computing and It’s not possible to connect everything via the cloud. We came up with a new concept which was fog computing. Now one can store a larger amount of data and more impactful factors such as History analysis, time analysis can be retrieved from cloud storage.
Latency is the key factor in the successful implementation of Fog computing. Data that is required frequently to be kept on the cloud and rest data to be sent to Fog for computing. While doing so, we must ensure that processed data close to the place where it is required actually plus 24/7 network connectivity is a must.
We must use fog computing where we have the most time-sensitive data and it is Applicable in harsh environments where we require immediate response, like airplanes, railways, etc.
Understanding Communication Between two IoT devices
In order to communicate between two IoT devices, we require an MQTT Broker, just like a website cannot host itself without a web server. We have already discussed protocols used in IoT in the above segment of this blog.
Http is different from MQTT. did you ever wonder about how to communicate from machine to machine, the solution is simple, MQTT Protocol runs in background service.
Cloud of things acts as a cloud broker that communicates between two or more devices depending upon usage and types. It consists of below key components —
- Publisher (could be a fridge/AC)
- subscriber (is a controller phone)
- MQTT broker. (cloud) — machine to machine communication via the cloud.
Open source MQTT brokers — Kafka, Mosquitto, cloud MQTT, rabbit
Disclaimer
For any suggestions, one can write back to the author, if required. This article is prepared based upon the full knowledge of the author.
Copyright © 2019, Scott Photography. All rights reserved. All the rights of images used in this article are owned by the author itself. One must not reproduce these images anywhere without prior permission of the author.
Find me on Instagram -
Find me on Google Scholar -
https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=XRUSDkwAAAAJ
Find me on Snapchat -
