Escaping Slow Time at c×√(1–1/D²) Speed
c — speed of light, D — time dilation, 1/D — ”speed of time”
The mainstream formula for escape velocity in the image above is wrong, and it led to inescapable “Black Holes” (for great mass M, escape velocity, by this formula, exceeds c, which is unachievable). Actually, the correct formula for escape velocity is [see Classical Physics Beyond Einstein’s, chapter 3]:
This formula shows that everything is escapable (at a speed less than c). But that does not reveal what we actually escape from (it is not a planet/star we escape from, per se). Actually, we escape from slower time, for example:
- Time on the Earth runs 1.0000000007 times slower than time away from the Earth
- Time near the Sun runs 1.000002 times slower than time far away from the Sun
In Classical Physics Beyond Einstein’s chapter 5 I derived a simple formula for escaping D-times-slower time (not mass-related, just time potential related):
From the Earth surface, escape velocity is
c×√(1–1/D²) = 300,000 km/sec × sqrt(1–1/1.0000000007²) ≈ 11 km/sec;
from the Sun surface, escape velocity is
c×√(1–1/D²) = 300,000 km/sec × sqrt(1–1/1.000002²) ≈ 600 km/sec.
(both √ and sqrt denote square root). For stars, time dilation D is measured using so-called redshift Z [see Classical Physics Beyond Einstein’s, chapter 2]: D = 1 + Z. Recently, astronomers measured redshift at some point near Sagittarius A* (the central “Black Hole” in our Milky Way), when star S2 flew close to Sagittarius A*: the measured redshift Z = 0.88±0.17, which corresponds to time dilation D ≈ 2.
That means S2 can escape such vicinity of Sagittarius A* only at speed of at least
c×√(1–1/D²) = 300,000 km/sec × √(1–1/2²) ≈ 260,000 km/sec.
But astronomers estimated the speed of S2 at that time at about 5,000 km/sec.
P.S. Read 40-page free eBook “Classical Physics Beyond Einstein’s” in PDF, on Amazon or Google Books.
P.P.S. Escape-from-the-Solar-system velocity starting from the Earth’s orbit is about 42 km/sec: time dilation on the Earth’s orbit is D ≈ 1.00000001 (check Classical Physics Beyond Einstein’s, section 3.3) and
c×√(1–1/D²) ≈ 300,000 km/sec × sqrt(1–1/1.00000001²) ≈ 42 km/sec.P.P.P.S. We have just discussed the escape velocity c×√(1–1/D²), which is the speed an object loses on moving out of slow time. But the most interesting part is the opposite: gaining that c×√(1–1/D²) speed on entering slow time. We will discuss application of this to UFO motion/propulsion.
