Certainly, lowering the ratio from 100:1 to 18:1 shows improvement. Yet our legislators and policy makers can do better. The next step may lower discrepancies from 18:1 to 1:1, since cocaine and crack share the same pharmacological substances. An even more progressive step would be to revisit the prudence of lengthy sentences, frequently measured in multiple decades, for crimes that involve the exchange of controlled substances between consenting adults.