Linked Data, Ontologies, and Knowledge Graphs
This document will help you understand why Knowledge Graphs, Ontologies and Linked Data are powerful tools for digital transformation, by demonstrating how the magic of Hyperlinks extends beyond the World Wide Web.
Graphs
Understanding the essence of a graph.
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Linked Data
What is Linked Data?
Linked Data is a principled approach to structured data representation that manifests as a Web of Data.
Why is Linked Data Important?
Linked Data enables transparent access to data, courtesy of the power of hyperlinks, thereby enabling the following:
- Integration of data across disparate data silos
- Platform-independent data connectivity across new and existing enterprise solutions
How is Linked Data created and used?
Linked Data is created and used by adhering to the following principles:
- Name anything of interest unambiguously using a hyperlink (preferably an HTTP URI, due to HTTP’s ubiquity)
- Describe everything of interest using structured sentences, where the subject and predicate are named using a hyperlink while the object is named using either a hyperlink or a literal (which may itself be typed or untyped)
Using sentences (just like in the real-world) to describe things of interest manifests as a powerful Web comprising data, information, and knowledge that’s rife with new insights that are frequently discovered serendipitously.
Ontologies
What are Ontologies?
An ontology is a collection of Entity Type and Entity Relationship Type definitions associated with a realm of discourse.
Ontologies are loosely-coupled and shareable, if constructed using Linked Data Principles.
Why are Ontologies important?
Ontologies provide a description of Entity and Entity Relationship Types that inform reasoning and inference performed by both humans and machines.
How are Ontologies created?
- Name Entity Types & Relationship Types using a Hyperlink
- Describe Entity Types and Relationship Types (Categories or Classes) using structured sentences deployed using Linked Data principles
Knowledge Graphs
What are Knowledge Graphs?
A Knowledge Graph is a collection of Entities, Entity Types, and Entity Relationship Types that manifests as an intelligible Web of Data informed by an Ontology.
Why are Knowledge Graphs important?
A Knowledge Graph provides a powerful foundation for creating a System-Of-Intelligence derived from existing Systems-Of-Record and Systems-Of-Engagement.
How are Knowledge Graphs created?
Knowledge Graphs are created by describing Entities and Entity Relationship Types using sentences that are deployed using Linked Data principles. This approach is both flexible and progressive, in that your Knowledge Graph is an evolving projection of enterprise reflection and potential agility.
Examples?
Examples of Knowledge Graphs, each launched from an HTML document, are found below. Hyperlinks in these documents take you into the massive LOD Cloud Knowledge Graph.
- COVID-19 related Knowledge Graph
- General Knowledge oriented Graph
- Virtuoso Linked Data Middleware (“Sponger”) Architecture Knowledge Graph
Use Cases and Demos
Progressive Knowledge Graph Construction Demo
This video showcases progressive enhancement of a Knowledge Graph via interactions akin to browsing and bookmarking, courtesy of our URIBurner Service (a live Virtuoso Instance with the Linked Data Transformation Middleware Module enabled).
Structured Data Sniffer & Sponger Middleware Demo
This video demonstrates how document viewing is enhanced via LOD Cloud Knowledge Graph look-ups performed by our Structured Data Sniffer Browser Extension (for Chrome and other Web-Extensions–compliant Browsers and Firefox).
Accessing COVID-19 Knowledge Graph from Excel Demo
Transparent access to the LOD Cloud Knowledge Graph using Microsoft Excel, courtesy of our SPASQL Query Language which enables transparent fusion of the SQL and SPARQL Query Languages.
Accessing COVID-19 Knowledge Graph using SPASQL Demo
Another SPASQL demonstration, but this time via an HTML5-based Interactive SQL and SPARQL Query tool.
Accessing COVID-19 Knowledge Graph using Google Spreadsheet Demo
How SPARQL’s natural integration with the HTTP protocol enables powerful Data Access, Transformation, and Integration. In this case, the attached video demonstrates a SPARQL Query Results link that returns data in CSV format for natural consumption by a Google Spreadsheet instance.
Generating a Knowledge Graph from the Northwind SQL RDBMS using the Virtuoso RDF Views Wizard
This video demonstrates how a Knowledge Graph is derived in virtual form by transforming data associated with Tables attached to Virtuoso via ODBC. The end product is a navigable Knowledge Graph comprising Linked Data derived from the Northwind Database.
Related
- Why Graphs and Tables are confusing Data Metaphors
- Understanding Data
- What is Small Data, and why is it important?
- What is the LOD Cloud Knowledge Graph, and why is it important
- Virtuoso Home Page
- Linked Data Posts
- Knowledge Graph Posts
- OpenLink Glossary — Yet Another Knowledge Graph in its own right
