Adrenal Gland

Three four Question about this topic to understand……

1. Where is this gland located
2. Why it’s important for body
3. Why we study this topic.

So first of all we will start what is this gland

INTRODUCTION

• Either of two small, dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney, consisting of the cortex, which secretes several steroid hormones,and themedulla, which secretes

ADRENAL GLAND

• Adrenal gland
• epinephrine.

Also called suprarenal gland.

The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol),mineralocorticoids (primarily

aldosterone), and androgens (primarily

dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione).

Glucocorticoids promote and inhibit gene transcription in many cells and organ systems.

Prominent effects include anti-inflammatory actions and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Mineralocorticoids regulate transport across epithelial particularly renal conservation electrolyte surfaces, of Na in exchange for K.

Adrenal androgens’ chief physiologic activity occurs after conversion to testosterone

The adrenal medulla is composed of chromaffin cells, which synthesize and secrete catecholamines (mainly epinephrine and lesser amounts of norepinephrine Chromatin cells also produce bioactive amines and peptides (eg, histamine, serotonin, chromogranins ,neuropeptide hormones).

Addison’s disease

ALTERNATIVE NAMES: Adrenocortical hypofunction, Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency, Adrenal insufficiency

• A hormone deficiency caused by damage to the outer layer of the adrenal gland (adrenal cortex).

• Addison’s disease is a disorder that results in the body producing insufficient amounts of certain hormones produced by the adrenal glands.