Fictional Civilizations and the Kardashev Scale — Types IV & V
What Do Our Stories Predict About Our Future?
In this post, we’ll conclude a discussion of where fictional civilizations fall on the Kardashev Scale and what they say about the scale’s ability to predict true advancement. If you haven’t already, I recommend you read through my earlier posts on the subject.
Finally, I should mention that this post contains spoilers for certain TV shows, movies, etc. Now let’s begin.
Types 4 Civilizations (4.4≤K<7.4)
The Speedsters (K=5.2)
The Flash is probably one of the more recognizable superheroes out of the thousands that saturate pop culture. He’s also arguably one of the most powerful. In his comics, the Flash is able to run so fast that he obtains the mass of a white dwarf star due to special relativity. The mass of a typical white dwarf star is about 60% the mass of the Sun. If Flash has the mass of an average person — 62 kilograms — then he would need to run at 99.99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999% the speed of light to achieve this reletavistic mass. This would give him a kinetic energy of about 1x10⁴⁷ joules, which I found using this formula for relativistic kinetic energy:
KE is the kinetic energy of an object that has a mass m0 at rest. m is the mass of the object due to mass dilation when moving and c is the universal speed limit.
The Flash can canonically release all this energy in a single punch. We’ll assume that from the Flash’s perspective he moves like a normal human. Therefore, by finding how much faster he is than a regular human, we can find out how much time it will take him to throw a punch. Sprinting athletes tend to run at 6.7 meters per second and an average punch takes about 0.016 seconds. Using these numbers, we find that the Flash’s punch would take 3.5/10¹⁰ seconds. This gives him a power output of 2.8x10⁵⁶ watts. According to comicvine.com, there are about 25 speedsters in the DC multiverse. If each of them is capable of producing the same power output as the Flash famous for this move(Wally West), then they have a combined power output of 7x10⁵⁷ watts. Together they have a Kardashev number of 5.2.
The First Ones (K=6.3)
The First Ones were an ancient civilization from Netflix’s She-Ra and the Princesses of Power. In the show, a girl named Adora discovers she is one of the remaining survivors of this race and is chosen to become the next She-Ra, a powerful magic warrior who is tasked with defeating the Horde, the alien empire that destroyed her people. However, as the show progresses we learn that the First Ones were colonizers who used the magic energy of Adora’s planet Etheria to construct a weapon powerful enough to destroy the entire universe. Mara, the She-Ra before Adora, turned on her people, who planned to use this weapon in their fight against the Horde. Mara trapped the entire solar system of Etheria in an empty universe, but the Horde eventually manages to return Etheria to its original universe. Adora and her friends unite, safely release the magic energy of the First Ones superweapon so that Horde can’t use it, and save the universe. The show has a touching story about doing what you know is right and always standing by the people you love. It also explores the consequences of people stumbling upon technology left behind by extraterrestrials.
There are four major events that we can use to discover just how much power the First Ones technology could utilize: 1) the time She-Ra was able to restore Etheria’s broken reality, 2) the time the Horde sent the entire solar system of Etheria through a wormhole, 3) the First Ones constructing their universe-destroying weapon, and 4) the time She-Ra channeled all the energy of the First Ones superweapon herself. The first event needs some explaining. A failed test of a portal device led to the entire planet of Etheria having its reality rewritten to the point of nearly being obliterated. Adora was able to reverse this, which means she likely returned the planet from a state of maximum entropy to normal entropy. A planet with the mass and volume of Earth would have a maximum entropy of 3.149x10³⁴ joules per kelvin according to the Bekenstein Bound, which I explained in my last post. Assuming the whole planet has a temperature lower than that of the Earth’s core, we find that it would have taken Adora up to 1.4x10³⁸ joules to fix the planet. She does this in about 4 seconds, so she must have output around 3.6x10³⁷ watts of power.
Next, let’s find how much energy would be needed to keep a wormhole the size of a solar system open. For simplicity, we’ll assume that Etheria’s solar system only extends as far as the distance of our Earth from the Sun. Using the same math I used to calculate wormhole energy requirements in my last post, we find that a wormhole this big would output 6.5x10⁵⁰ joules. In the show, it takes 110 seconds for the wormhole to form, so it must be outputting energy at 5.9x10⁴⁸ watts.
Next, we need to consider the power needed to charge a universe destroying weapon. The show’s main villain describes his plan as cleansing the universe in light, so we’ll take that to mean he plans to turn the entire universe into nothing but electromagnetic radiation. This requires releasing the mass-energy of the entire universe. If we assume we’re talking about an observable universe, then we can use the number I calculated in a previous post of 3.2x10⁷¹ joules. In the show, it took the weapon 1000 years to fully charge. On this timescale, we can say it was manipulating the universe’s energy at about 1.1x10⁶⁴ watts.
In the show’s finale, Adora was able to safely disperse all the energy contained in this weapon in about 113 seconds. We don’t know how much energy was contained in the weapon itself, but if we assume its within a few orders of magnitude of the energy content of the universe, we should expect Adora to have channeled something within a few orders of magnitude of 2.8x10⁶⁹ watts. Adding together the best feat from She-Ra with the power requirements of the wormhole device and the superweapon, we get a total power utilization for First Ones technology of around 2.8x10⁶⁹ watts. That gives the First Ones a Kardashev number of 6.3.
Type 5 Civilizations (K≥7.4)
Anyone Wearing the Infinity Gauntlet (K=11)
The Infinity Gauntlet from Marvel comics is a fictional device that gives the wearer complete control over their universe. Technically, the Infinity Gauntlet has an infinite power output, but for fun, let’s see how much power it would be able to use if we put some reasonable constraints on it. First, let’s assume the Gauntlet can’t affect anything outside it’s observable universe. This is reasonable because canonically the Gauntlet only works within its home universe. That puts the maximum amount of energy the Gauntlet can utilize at 3.2x10⁷¹ joules. Now we need to determine a minimum amount of time the Gauntlet can take to use this much energy. Since the Gauntlet has full control over time, we’ll assume it can perform tasks in just one Plank time, or 5.4/10⁴⁴ seconds. Manipulating all the energy present in the whole observable universe in just one Plank time would take 5.9x10¹¹⁶ watts. That gives anyone wearing the Infinity Gauntlet a Kardashev number of about 11.
You may wonder how anyone in the Marvel universe would be able to stop someone wielding this Gauntlet. Well to see how, I recommend watching this video on the history and philosophy behind the Gauntlet:
The main idea of this video is that whenever a character takes hold of the Gauntlet, they witness all of their universe from an objective standpoint and realize how unworthy they are to wield such unnatural power. Even Thanos may realize when given this perspective that he doesn’t deserve to wield the Gauntlet. The only reason anyone ever defeats the Gauntlet — besides just being able to overpower it — is that anyone wielding it will lose on purpose. They then forget why they did it once they take off the Gauntlet. Ultimately, this fits in well with the theme of this post because any civilization that actually could access this much energy would probably realize that it wasn’t safe or ethical to use it on a whim.
The Minecraft Builders (K=57.2)
Yes, I’m serious. The player character in Minecraft belongs to the highest ranked civilization on this list that still has a finite limit on their power usage. After the Builders, we start getting into infinite power utilization. How are the Minecraft player characters so strong? Simple: Boxes. In Minecraft, you can put boxes in boxes in boxes in boxes and so on until you reach a limit built into the game. The Youtube channel Game Theory calculated that the maximum number of boxes you can fit at the base level of this stacking method is about 9.87x10⁵⁶⁶ boxes. If each of these is then filled with 64 gold blocks and those gold blocks have the density of actual gold, then all of these base boxes alone would have a mass of about 1.91x10⁵⁶¹ kilograms. That’s 6.35x10⁵⁰⁵ times the mass of the observable universe. The character can carry that amount of mass no problem, although no human controlling them or the game console housing them would ever exist long enough to fill their inventory this way. Here’s the full video from Game Theory on this topic if you’re curious:
In Minecraft, the player character can move at a maximum speed of 7.143 meters per second. Using the formula for kinetic energy, we find that the character moving while carrying all the mass mentioned earlier would have to output 8.58x10⁵⁷⁷ joules. It takes the player character less than a second to reach their top speed, so they must be able to output over 8.58x10⁵⁷⁷ watts. This gives the Builders in Minecraft a Kardashev number of — {insert drum roll here} — 57.2! I think that Minecraft allowing it’s player to experience this level of power is really appropriate considering the game is about creating anything you can imagine.
Type 𝝮 Civilizations (K=Infinity)
This is where we venture into the territory of civilizations capable of accessing infinite energy in finite time. Though these civilizations are still technically within the range we defined as Type 5, we’ll be giving them their own subcategory to better reflect our inability to fully understand them. All civilizations from this point forward have a Kardashev number of Infinity.
The Contemelia
These aliens hail from the multiverse of the cartoon Ben 10: Omniverse and were capable of creating entire universes. Though the observable universe is finite, the wider universe is likely infinite. Scientists think this is the case because our universe appears to have a flat geometric curvature, which means objects moving parallel to each other in empty space will continue to move parallel to each other unless disturbed. A perfectly flat universe would be infinite according to general relativity. This means that creating a universe like our own in any finite amount of time would correspond to an infinite power output. If you’re wondering why they look like smoothie cups, it’s because they take the form of whatever the person looking at them most desires. I guess we all just really like smoothies.
It’s important to note that having access to infinite power doesn’t make the Contemelia omnipotent. Omnipotence is defined as being maximally perfect and having unlimited authority over everything. The Contemelia may have infinite physical power, but that doesn’t mean they have limitless knowledge or that there aren’t other beings in their universe that can prevent them from doing things. We’ll see another example of a civilization with limitless physical power next that comes from the very same multiverse as the Contemelia.
The Celestialsapiens
The Celestialsapeins also hail from the multiverse of Ben 10. Their home is a place beyond the main universe of the series called the Forge of Creation. In one episode, a device built by the Contemelia was accidentally activated and began to destroy the universe. To stop it, the main character of the show transformed into a celestialsapien, but it was too late. The universe was gone. So what did the hero do? He just made an exact duplicate universe and then went about his day. This puts the Celestialsapiens right at the same level as the Contemelia.
The Daleks
The Daleks are the archenemies of the Doctor in the classic British sci-fi show Doctor Who. They were created by a madman to fight in a very long war. Somehow the Daleks along with their creator came to believe that hatred is beautiful and that all life in existence that isn’t Dalek must be exterminated. To accomplish this task, the Daleks construct the Reality Bomb, a weapon that sends out a wave across time and space to cancel out the electromagnetic fields of all the matter across infinite universes without ever weakening.
The Daleks are indicative of how our stories tend to extrapolate concepts to extremes, i.e. if evil exists, there must be examples of infinite, ultimate evil. The Daleks seem to have been conceived with this mindset. However, the show goes to great lengths to challenge this idea. A few daleks across the show manage to see the light and break away from their programming and base instincts. Some even learn to feel positive emotions. The Doctor also learns and grows by going from hating the Daleks to learning how to feel sympathy for them and show them mercy. The Doctor’s ability to not only best the Daleks time and time again, but actually want to help them, demonstrates how their character is the exact opposite of a dalek. At their best, the Doctor is a symbol of compassion and hope.
The Time Lords
The Time Lords from Doctor Who are an excellent example of a Type 5/Type 𝝮 civilization. Their main claims to fame are TARDISes. These are time machines that are bigger on the inside than they are on the outside. It’s been said they have an infinite interior and can travel anywhere in time and space, including to and from different universes on occasion. Each TARDIS is actually alive, conscious and impossibly intelligent. The Time Lords don’t build them as much as they grow them. Thanks to TARDISes, time lords were able to travel across the entirety of existence and experience more than any other living thing ever could.
The Time Lords have been described as both the most civilized and the most vicious race in their universe. Their leaders have both taken an oath not to interfere with the events of other peoples or planets and tried to destroy the universe to save themselves from oblivion. But like any people, the Time Lords have good and bad within them. This concept is best displayed in the characters of the Doctor and the Master. The Doctor uses their TARDIS to travel, explore and help people across the universe. They usually ended up putting their own life in danger for others without hesitation. The Master is a childhood friend of the Doctor who travelled the universe as well, but for the purpose of sowing mayhem and trying to seize power. Where the Doctor is an example of how to make the utmost positive change in the world, the Master is an example of how to cause the utmost suffering for others. To me, one of the most interesting things about Doctor Who is the idea that the Doctor enjoys travelling in the company of people from Earth. They say that this is because when the whole universe becomes your backyard, all you have left is a backyard. Only by showing others the universe’s wonders can the Doctor continue to appreciate them.
Doctor Manhattan
Doctor Manhattan is a character from Watchmen with a very interesting back story. He was a physicist experimented with a device capable of cancelling out vibration in the quantum fields that compose all matter known to man. He got caught in the chamber of this device and had every particle in his body was more or less erased, yet somehow his consciousness was able to reconstruct a body for himself. Not only that, his consciousness learned how to reconfigure reality around him on an unlimited scale and he no longer experienced time linearly. All moments became one and the same. However, this new found power came at a price.
Because he didn’t experience the progression of time, he had nothing to look forward to in life. Everything was forever unchanging. As a result, Manhattan grew distant from humanity. That is until he realized that his timeline wasn’t the only one. By transitioning between possible timelines, he was able to find purpose again because he no longer knew how everything was going to play out. Doctor Manhattan is also the first character on this list to not only move through higher spatial dimensions, but actually exist in higher dimensions at all times. This is significant because something with properties in a higher dimension arguably exists more than things in lower dimensions. For example, a line can be infinitely long, but it has no volume and therefore no mass in our three dimensional world. Lines to us are just immaterial concepts. It is suggested that the 3D universe is like an immaterial line to Doctor Manhattan. For an more in-depth explanation of this character, I’d recommend this video:
The New Gods
I don’t know enough about DC comics to fully explain the New Gods, so here are a couple videos on them:
I will say that what I found most interesting about them is that they aren’t just extremely powerful beings. They are actually ideas. Living ideas! They represent certain archetypes of conscious experience that can’t be wiped from reality as far as we know. For example, the new god Darkseid is supposed to be evil and tyranny incarnate, the absence of goodness. If that’s all a bit abstract, good. It’s supposed to be. The New Gods also only use physical bodies to interact with beings who require them. They don’t exist physically themselves.
The Monitors
The Monitors are another incomprehensibly powerful race from DC. They are capable of affecting infinite universes and come from beyond the DC multiverse. To them, the entire infinite DC multiverse is a just speck. Try to figure that one out. It’s been said the Monitors represent the writers of the comics, reaching into their own creation and making contact, sort of like a reverse Deadpool. And at this point, you shouldn’t be surprised that there’s a really long video that talks about them, too:
The Beyonders
The Beyonders are essentially Marvel’s version of the Monitors, and they exist in higher dimensions like Dr. Manhattan. No twenty minute video for these guys. Sorry, but you’re welcome to find one yourself.
And finally…
The Angels, the Demons and the Janets
The Good Place is a show that imagines an afterlife designed by immortal beings who lack an understanding of what life is really like for humans. This results in them sentencing the majority of the human race to eternal torment. In order to save humanity, four humans have to prove that humanity is not inherently bad and become better people themselves along the way. With a lot of work and a lot of moral philosophy, they’re able to teach the architects of the afterlife what it truly means to be human. The show is a very original take on how seemingly insurmountable odds can be overcome when you have the right people beside you.
I think it’s appropriate that this is the civilization to finish out our list, because the entire show is about the hijinks and discourse between humanity and an unimaginably advanced civilization that turns out not to be as advanced as it thought. This captures very well the idea I’ve been trying to impart throughout this series on the Kardashev Scale, which is that just having advanced technology doesn’t make a civilization inherently more sophisticated or civilized. The Good Place asserts that those in a position of power should never assume they have nothing left to learn from those outside their circle.
That concludes our journey through the Kardashev scalings of fictional civilizations. I’ve truly enjoyed this series and plan to do more like it in the future. Thank you for going on this journey with me.
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