History of Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.whatever intelligence is tied to a system’s ability to adapt and improvise in a new environment, to generalize its knowledge and apply it to unfamiliar scenarios.

The history of AI

intelligent robots and artificial beings first appeared in the ancient Greek myths of Antiquity. Aristotle’s development of the syllogism and its use of deductive reasoning was a key moment in mankind’s quest to understand its own intelligence.

The history of artificial intelligence as we think of it today spans less than a century. we gonna talk about that in the next points

1950:

Alan Turing published “Computing Machinery and Intelligence, proposing what is now known as the Turing Test, a method for determining if a machine is intelligent.and in the same year Claude Shannon publishes the paper “Programming a Computer for Playing Chess.”

1956:

Official registration of the birth of artificial intelligence, as it became an independent scientific discipline following the (Dartmouth conference)

and in the same year Allen Newell and Herbert Simon demonstrate Logic Theorist (LT), the first reasoning program.

From 1956 to 1974:

It is considered one of the golden years in the history of artificial intelligence for the amount of funding and support that this specialty has received from governments. The searchers on this field focused at this stage on logic-based problem solving.

From 1974 to 1980:

The limited capabilities of the methods at that time to reach the goal or dream were collided with.the funding was significantly reduced and research was reduced .that was the 1st winter on artificial intelligence

From 1980 to 1987:

During these years, the field of knowledge-based Expert Systems has benefited from winter hibernation, and has recorded some successes and attention, refunding and the emergence of new research in artificial intelligence.

From 1987 to 1993:

A second winter on artificial intelligence due to limited computer capabilities at the time the emergence of defects in expert systems in the difficulty of modifying and reforming them, since the project is complicated and long, and this is what prompted governments and investors to reduce their support and investments in this field

From 1993 to 2012:

It was the beginning of a new phase after the improvement of computers performance and the increase in their capabilities, the support and investments in this field returned again, and research returned strongly after that.

1991

U.S. forces deploy DART, an automated logistics planning and scheduling tool, during the Gulf War.

1997

IBM’s Deep Blue beats world chess champion Gary Kasparov

2005

STANLEY, a self-driving car, wins the DARPA Grand Challenge.

The U.S. military begins investing in autonomous robots like Boston Dynamics “Big Dog” and iRobot’s “PackBot.”

2008

Google makes breakthroughs in speech recognition and introduces the feature in its iPhone app.

2011

IBM’s Watson trounces the competition on Jeopardy!.

From 2012 until now:

An apparent phase ahead of us and we are currently living in it, as computers have become more powerful and there are intensive computing centers everywhere. The spread of the Internet and the increase in users increased the amount of available data, all of this gave a strong and great impetus to the field of machine learning and the field of deep learning to start again and allowed the emergence of the era of neural networks and their applicability and use in reality. In 2012 Andrew Ng, founder of the Google Brain Deep Learning project, fed a neural network using deep learning algorithms 10 million YouTube videos as a training set. The neural network learned to recognize a cat without being told what a cat is, ushering in a breakthrough era for neural networks and deep learning funding.After 2 years Google launched his self drive car to pass the state driving test .2 years after that In 2016, the Google AlphaGo program defeated the world champion on the complex Chinese game” board game Go” and in 2020 Elon Musk the co-founded and leads Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink and The Boring Company has launched computer chips that gonna put it in the brain to cure diseases and to know more about the functions of the brain .