Two things are circular: language and chapters in the book. The rest is straight:
1) quantum fluctuations are / is time
2) more often fluctuations are / is faster time
3) less often fluctuations are / is time dilation
4) gravity does not cause time dilation
5) matter/mass alters time dilation (not causes):
5.1) “mass” is “wobbling charges” (protons, electrons, etc. — result of Dr. Vivian Robinson);
5.2) wobbling charges increase electric permittivity of space (electric capacitance of space)- Dr. Feynman’s result;
5.3) increase in electric permittivity/capacitance of space causes time dilation — by Dr. Feynman & Dr. Robinson;
6) time dilation causes gravity — by Dr. Einstein;
7) gravity is difference in push between faster and slower quantum fluctuation (my result) — that is Newton’s Gravitational Agent;
10) about bending light = light refraction = Snell’s law = this is purely quantum effect too (though proven geometrically in high school).
There are videos explaining why refraction is quantum, for example, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cep6eECGtw4.
20) there are massless cases for time dilation as well:
20.1) naturally time is uneven, runs slower or faster somewhere/everywhere sometime/always;
20.2) Absolute Time = time running at the same speed everywhere and always = was Newton’s abstraction / approximation: he invented math for gravity, but acknowledged not understanding reason/agent for it;
20.3) check this link on how differences in time flow — time dilation — induced matter in initially matter-less Universe: Universe originated from nothing but space and time;
20.4) with Absolute/not variable time, there would be no matter produced, the Universe would be empty.